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G B A M N 4 R 



ARMENIAN AND El^GLISH 



BY 



P. PASCHAL AUOHEE 



AND 



LORD BYRON 



VENICE 

FEINTED IN THE ARMENIAN MONASTERY OP ST. LAZARUS 

1873 




/ 



G B A 91 111 4 R 

ARMENIAN AND EI^GLISH Z^ 

BY 



P. PASCHAL AUOHER 



AKD 



LORD BYRON 










VENICE 

PRINTED IX THE ARMENIAN MONASTERY OF ST. LAZARUS 

1873 



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Theo.W.Kooh 



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GRAMMAE 



Grammar teaches the art of speaking 
and writing correctly. 

Human discourse is formed of letters, 
syllables and words. 

Letters are the elements of a syllable. 

A syllable is either one letter, or the 
union of letters. 

A word is one or more syllables, which 
express some thing. 

The union of words to explain our thoughts 
completely is called discourse. 

The harmony of words with the rules of 
Grammar is called Syntax. 



^ • I • 

,^^ o rO o o -/ -; 



n^ 
rt 
cs 





.'^ 








































^ 




















?ri 




















t^ 
















^ 3 




^5^ 












m 




S c3 




















o ^-^ 




iS 












O 
> 




^T. 


H 
















2 o 






P 










o 




si 


«o 


O 










p; 




!^ r^ 




•<-ii» 


02 










o 




l^ ^ 


^ 


CO 




-4^ 






cc 




^ 


^fi 


a 


<*• 

o 








.s 


s 
.s 




b 








d . 


d 


:« 


"•^ 




NiS 


-§ 

_.^> 








O 




o 




^ ^ 

^ 


-1J 





















;« 
^ 





Ph 






ti 






• r-l 






cc 


• 


^ 


o 






4 
g 


.9 




« 


rc; 


cS 





S ^ 5^ ^ -^ -- ^ '® 

3 ?:^ to -r rS '<2J *^ ^ o -^i 



iu^^hJUi^-M^ cL'b 






jrfcLrf-d^fXDOXptfCJ' &.^ 



OS'S . ^ u S Si^ ^ 



5. o : 



.s^:s 2?s« 'n^s'^'^.t^ ^ 









^1 I ^S 






o 



o ^ «2 ?^ 3 



<i^^ 



® fl 



^ '42 I. eg o ^ 03 bc-^ S ^ ^ tE s 

•S ^ S -S ^< ^ t, .Z, g '< s '^ i ^ ^- -^ ^ 









S cilice S"^^ Ss^S-l.^^ .-HQ.^ — .B 



^ Oh 



o pT^ 






C^-' OS 



>« 



nS 



-^^ . => fi S3 





^ 


w 


?^ i cT 


s 


ro) "D ^ fo ^ 


< 


'^ ;i -^ H"-?^' 


i^ 





5^ 



5^ Sh-^ 



•rrJ 5- u. o J 



s 



w m. 






n:3 - 



^ ^ ® S s-i c: c 



•S .^ a o 5 ® 



3 



^^i.^^5S ?2.^^-^ ggg g^ 






o o '^ r^ 



CO CO 

i! 2? 






EXAMPLE OF READING 

THE LORD'S PRAYER 



Hayr mjev wor hyergins, soorp yeghitzi 
anoon ko ; yegestze arkayootune ko; 
yeghitzin gamk ko worbes hyergins yev hyerg- 
ri. Ezliatz myer hanabazort door mez 
ayssor; yev togh myez ezbardis inyer, worbeg 
yev myek toghoomk myerotz bardabanatz ; yev 
mi danir ezmyez i portzooiune, ayl pergia 
ezmyez i tcliaren. Zi ko e ar- 
k„ayootiine yev zorootune yev park havidyans. 
amen» 



* Vowels 
, Consonants 

P-} f-f rj-y Ijj P-y fJ-y Ij fu y S^ y 4^ » ^ > ^ > t? 
'TCy tTy Jy*isy^l^tAly2_yn.yUyiJjU1ylty 

3^ 't'y ^y ^- 

SYLLABLE 

A syllable is an articulate sound, as, um. , 
ar. ^'^j ^cr. Mf-uipy tar. mqiny aghd. n^J] 
ivorm. p"^["t ' P^^f • if f/i/Li# , karn. rf^k^ > temk. 
qi3py zor. [^iy unt. p^^i-y tiv;, ^luiPy zham^ 
injuy looyce^ &uifL.y dzar. k^i^ g^ly "^"i/py 
hire, ^wfu , tzine. ^lun^ yjar. iHujp , mire.2^i^ > 
shoon. iinpy tchar. 2s^i-[i y tshoor or chiiire. 
uni.[ifLy soorp. uikpy der. piuiPy ram. gm., 
tzoo. i-pi-P- y ute or ewt. i/nun^ , park. 

A syllable may be also composed of six 
letters, as ulnuJp^ , siampk. ^^pp^ y chiurpk. 

IVo or three consonants are sometimes 
formed before or after a vowel. 

Double consonants at the end of a syllable 
are pronounced short, as, imupp , darr^ ^ujl 
qj^p^ y cacjhack. 

When the word ends with double 1» , in 
the pronunciation an ^^ is inserted, as, 
JluufiM% [i!lumu%) madnun. ^Imfifu {Mm^^u) 
tziernun. 



So also when in the beginning of a word 
the same consonant is doubled, as, 2Z^'-k 
{ZMH'-^ shushoog. Iik^g {kik"3) gwjotz. 

When the liquids '^ > t> r > ^^^ '^^ *^he end 
of a syllable after another consonant, they 
have equally in the pronunciation the letter 
£ , as, JhL.lpM (Jni-l^^) moogun. iuuuiq_ {luu^ 

But not when they precede the consonant, 
as, tf^nifiiin , cooiid. ujqui , agluL k^pt ' 9^^^- 

Likewise when the consonants are diffe- 
rent, as, p^nL.qP^y tooght. unup^-^y soorpk. 
<^nqi/p^ , Jioghmk. 

In the beginning of many words between 
two consonants the letter ^ is understood in 
the oblique cases instead of another vow el 
of the nominative case, as, lni.l[u^ tzoogun. 
^liufii {l^liufu) tzugan. JJt^^ > mishd. Jlmiuliujj 
{dl^uiusliiuj) mushdaga. 

FAMILIAR ABBREVIATIONS 



ISi/* 


luJlrUiujii ♦ 


^4-or 


k p^yi.ir. 


p 


tujuffu^ ♦ 


P^p. or 


^ fjd-lrUMif^ « 


user 


l^uuint-guh' ^ 


'bis 


'b "Itc^a 


% 


y «/£///?/_ 5"/^ ♦ 


lltF 


ll^iuiP* 


UMlf 


\^uujnL.&ni^ 


6" 


^nunL.u*. 


e^ 


£Liuani^tI\ 


yc 


^npiu • 


'tc 


fj^npiu • 


'Lm.k 


%Jufulf* 


^r 


h-ujl^ 


% 


*Unpiu ^ 


L 


tt.. 


% 


%nguM ^ 


li^ , 


Ll ujjjh^ 


'ita 


'isnuuM* 



Mrt^^ 



10 



m — 

It 






l^t' 


fiii£ 


nniip^u ♦ 


^- 






nuui ♦ 


tqu or til 


nil^u. 


[J^fi 


jr 


/' 


P[,l'u. 


-Dp 


unniu « 


P^ 


01 


'^ 


P-triuU * 


-ilJ^ 


uifiuiil^ ^ 


^ 






unpiu *^ 


l^ 


ihuiflM * 


"a 






unqiu ^ 


pj 


ijujuii nnnj ^ 


"ak 






unquiulf ♦ 


uin 


uiljp^ 


•u^ 






uni^np. ♦ 


m -jr, 


mlriunfu ♦ 










„ 


^u/u^ 


"W 






upp.nj^ 


■^ 


"P^ 






up^ng. 


*P" 


^pftuujnu t 



WORD 

A word is an articulate sound expressive 
of our ideas. 

Words in the Armenian language consist 
of eight parts of speech; Nouns, Pronouns, 
Verbs, Participles, Prepositions^ Adverbs, 
Conjunctions, Interjections. 

NOUN 

A noun signifies some substance, or qua- 
lity, as, illuprj^ y man. t^d/'i' > earth. ["/u , light. 
tuppujjnLp^ltifij y himjdom. "^n^l^y soulj, spirit. 
umim1% person. pLUni.[3^[,i^ nature, i/puy^f mindy 
thought. fLujpf, y good, ii-t-qt^gli/i y handsome. 
^luqgfi y sweet. i/lrS^ y great. 

In nouns six peculiarities are to be consi- 
dered : Gender, Form, Species or Rind, 
Number, Case, Declension. 



11 

(j E X D E R 



In the Armenian language the genders 
are distinguished hy their natural significa- 
tions, as 



MASCULINE 



Hfl^inJ] Adam. Xfrn/u^uy Moses* ^trm^ 
pnuy Peter, ^^^^n^, Gregorij. \\iu[if^u/ii 9 
Vardan^ etc. 

4,#xy^, father. trq^uij[iy brother. nLutupy 
son, a male-child. i/>t^uuj/ya husband, spouse. 
ufulrp , a father-in-law. ^Irn.[, , imcle^ a mo- 
ther s brother. l(ijg,iu<^injp , gossip^ Godfather. 
ujjft, man^ husband, h^tun.iujy a man-servant. 

[3-uj^uji^nn or mnpujj , ninn. ^lufuiupiufi y SU- 

trapj apeer.gnu^ a bull, hn^ui y an ox. ^ujqj 
a he-goat, [uy , ram^ a male sheep, qnt^iupiuli , 
bullock^ a young ox. lrq£t^[snL. , a stag, uj^uj- 
q^fl_y coch^ etc. 

\linlrii/ijy tribunal. q^C^ soldiers. <^lr&lriui^ 
^nifuii^ycavalrij^ horse-troops^ etc. 



FEMININE 



\ji~iifj y Eve. Hiun-uj y Sarah. \^iu[i[iiuiry 
Marij. ^HL^^u/i^ or Xi"'-i!:"'^tk > Susanna. 
\\ujiii^ni_<^li y Biose^ etc. 

Z^uj^liy grandmother, ^['y mother, ^yp^ 
sister. ^^mpJiiy spouse^ bride, l^fuy ivomani 
wife, ^ni^uiijpy daughter. ujq^H'^} girl^ maid. 
Ejin^iuiM^ mother-in-laiv. ^#»/-, sons wife^ 
daughter-in-law. ulilruni.py mother-in-law ^ 



12 
liushaiurs mother. IfiM^iUiHujp , gossip^ God" 
hiother. 'izl^y^ ml^lilfuy p^iui^ni.<^[t y (jueeii, 
princess. o[tlfnfin.y yoiinc) (jirh %iud^lM2ui ^ 
uiqiiiiulfuy servant-maid. k'^'Li cotr. tplhi^j, 
heifer^ a young cow. Jlu^ft, erve, female 
sheep. Jlupliy hen. Irfffuy hindj, etc. 



C M ]M N 



\yujnf^ , man. "pi-[^ > tjun^mi^ , child, ^i^ > 
infant. d^iun-uAni^ , an heir. p^nnfiM , grandson^ 
ov grand-daughter. p^n-^iTu y hird. «///l^£_5-, 
lioyiy or lioness, /inpfn.^ , a young beast, ^lutj^ , 
chickj chicken, ^im^y bird, fowl, n^uspy 
sheep. iup2j^n- y cattle. luqujL.'hli , pigeoUj, dove. 
^ y horse, ini^ y dog^ bitch. ^iln-P^ y charmer. 
iRup^iupl^ y prophet;, or prophetess^ etc. 



NEUTER 



^ni^py ivater. oi^., air. ^/»^> earth. ^Hup^ 
iflfuy body. Irplflfugy heaven, pyuy light. 
S^iUfL. y tree. ^Irn,p , hand, nmp , foot, "^"tt > 
souly spirit. Jlnnp^ , mind, mm^ , house, lu^ 
p^nn-y chair, lihrufiipy life. #yz^^, death. <^ujt/Z 
p.lrpni.p^[tifu y patience. iiA/tpiuL.nL.p^lti!ii , in- 
justice^ etc. 

The genders are distinguished also in 
this manner: \}^jp Jlupn-iupl^y prophet^ a 
male prophet, //[ih Jlupi^iupl^ , prophetess , a 
female prophet, iyp iHupij-y man, male, //fii^ 
iHupfi^ > u'o/iK/N. tituuuuff i^jfL/ie^& t lioness, fc- 



13 
male lion, a she4ion. tupnt. luquMiiilt , male 
pigeon, uiq^ti' "^q^^cjirl, « female child, etc. 
Some genders are indicated also by their 
terminations, as 

MASCULINE 

Qni/^uA%^uy John, ^ni^ijiufiinu y Jtilian. 
\},p^u/iiiiju/inu yAthanasius. ^l^nq.n[inu , Theo- 
dore^ etc. 

FEMININE 

Qiiil^u/i/Diu , Joan. Qni^ijiuiuk > Juliana. 
WJP^u/uiuultuiy Athanasia. ^*l^nri.npuj y Theo- 
dora, etc. 

\\iij[iij^nu<i[t y Eo5e. ^[iJ?iL.<^[t y a priestess 
heathenish. ^uM<^ufiiujjni.<^[t , a priestess. Jl^p^ 
^ui[il^nL.<^lt y a prophetess. \yuuini.iu&ni^<^li y 

(jrOddeSS. ujp^ujjnL.<^^ y P-iuif-ni-<^fi y mfipnL.<^[i y 

queen, princess. ^uj/nL.<^lFy a she-martxjr. 
}^p.iuuni.<^[, y an Abbess. \}uj£i^ujt^ui^nL.^p y 
Deaconess, etc. 

\\iu[i^iiAn^^y Vard's daughter. \)iu<^uiJj^iu^ 
^yz_^ Isaacs daughter. \onuiiniliir^ni.[uui y 
Cliosroes' daughter. {\iiifqrji^ni.[uin y Hormis- 
tus' daughter, etc. 

FORM 

The forms of the nouns are three : sim- 
ple, as, iflupff. y man : Accompanied by a par- 
ticle before, as, m'hJiupri.y inhuman: Com- 
posed of entire words, as, S^^^us..^^ , humane 
kind. 



14 

The diflerent modes of producing com- 
pound epithets and words^ are the trea- 
sure and ornament of the Armenian lan- 
guage; a thousand varieties of compounded 
^vords may he made in this tongue as may 
be perceived in the Armenian grammar pu- 
blished 1815. 

SPECIES or KIKD 

There are t^vo kinds of ^vords: Primi- 
tive, as, i/lu[ii. y man : and Derivative or De- 
rived having at the termination a particle, 
as, JlufitjJim^^^. , human. 

The Derivatives are most abundant in 
the Armenian language. 

NUMBER 

Numbers are two: Singular, as, i/^i/f[.y 
man: and Plural, as, Jlupq.^ or Jlupi^lt^y 
men. 

The plural of some nouns is formed in 
a particular manner, as, Id^uy ivoman, liw^ 
^"^^y women, ilif^^^ convent^ ilu/Lnpujjp^y 
iliuunplrujj^ or ilufhlrpuji^p^ , couvents. if-ltp or 
itc^^ ^oohj, ^[ilrufu y boohs. inJuni-liy child^ 
hoy^ iRuulimliy childrenj, hoijs. 

The proper nouns are sometimes made 
plural with the particle t'***^*?^ , as, %[^tt"C' 
Grecjory, %[f[tiinp!riuu^ , Grccjories. Uml^u/ii^ 
'iil^uy John^ {^nil^iuVuliulrufiig y Johns. 



15 

CASE 

The cases in the Armenian language ac- 
cording to the modern authors are ten in 
number. 

1. Nominative, Jlu^ii^^ the man. 

2. Genitive^ Jluptiyy of the man. 

3. Dative, ^^piij or *^ JTupi^^ to the man. 

4. Accusative, qJiupif. , the man. 

5. Ablative, *^ J^pirinj ^ from the man* 

6. Narrative, qJlufiiinj , concerning the man. 

7. Instrumental, iH^isq-m/j hj means of man. 

8. Circumdative, ijiJluftij-nilj about the man. 

9. Commorative, *^ i/^^i^ or *p tIlu£>i^nL.J] 

in the man. 
10. Vocative, // -^ JS/^yi^, , o man! 

It is to be remarked in this declension 
that the second case is changed in the ter- 
mination. The third in the termination, and 
is then denominated the dative-declined'in 
the-termination : and sometimes has before it 
a letter or preposition, and is then called 
the dative'ivith-the-preposition. The fourth 
case has before it the letter ♦^, which is 
sometimes omitted or understood. The fifth 
case changes in the termination, and has 
the letter or preposition '^ before it; or the 
letter; ^vhen followed by a vowel. The sixth 
case likewise changes in the termination, 
and has before it the tetter ^j The seventh 
case changes in the termination. The eighth 
case also, and has before it the letter ^^ 



16 

The ninth case has before it the letters 'f^ 
or;, and when changed in the termination 
has always before it the same letter or pre- 
position. The tenth case has before it the 
interjection ^ or fi{j but not always ex- 
pressed. 

According to the ancient authors the 
cases are properly only six. 

1. Nominative. 

2. Genitive. 

3. Dative. 

4. Accusative. 

5. Ablative. 

6. Instrumental. 

And these will be followed in the present 
grammar. 



DECLENSION 

Concerning the number of declensions 
of the nouns the opinions of authors are va- 
rious : we will reckon ten dividing them into 
two classes according to the grammar pu- 
blished in 1815. 

The tirst class contains six simple or re- 
(jiilar declensions, and the second four mix- 
ed or irregular declensions : and they are 
distinguished from the second and sixth 
cases in this manner. 



17 
REGULAR DECLENSIONS 





SINGULAR 


PL 


UKAL 




Gen. 


Instr. 


Gen. 


Instr. 


1. 


h 


t.. 


bar 


b^^^ 


2. 


b> 


UML.* 


"'gy 


uiL-^OV <ip. 


3. 


y^ 


nijj^ 


ngy 


"4s ^ 


4. 


uiii ^ 


UMilp. ♦ 


u/Ug ) 


luJp^p,* 




nL.y 


#1L.« 


HLg^ 


ftL.^* 


6. 


h-py 


t-pfLW 


ha^ 


h-pp^OV 




trqj 


t-'t^* 


trqgy 


t-q^. 



IRREGULAR DECLENSIONS 





SINGULAR 




PLURAL 




Gen. Instr. 




Gen. Instr. 


1- 


uy , i.niJjdV 




h-ujg y t.nif^ or 




Iriui-.* 




h-ujjg y b-iUL^ or h-qpi 


2. 


ffii f UiJpL ♦ 




ullMq y uiiipp ♦ 


3. 


n^ % iUL. or utJpL* 


uibg y iui/pp_ ♦ 


A. 


iujOVlruJj^iUL. or IruML.* 






FIRST 


DECLENSION 



SINGULAR 



* ♦ ll/?^*^ > the king. 

2 . \}.ppuj/b ' of the king. 

3* U./jp'^/'t or ^ii/^^iiy. ^o/^iiy, to the king. 

4- tU^/j^'^' the king. 



18 



5 * jW^pg^k y from Ihe king. 

^* U./^'^yA^' with or by the king. 



PLURAL 



*♦ W^^^^y the kings. 

2* ^["^"ah' of the kings. 

3* W.p^^ots ^^ j^pg"ii" > S^'P^^" > to the 

kings. 
4* -zll/?^ii;y^ » the kings. 
^* J^P^^abs^ f^on^ the kings. 
6 ♦ W^pp^b^^ y with or by the kings. 

It may be seen by this example that the 
letters ?6 , ** , ^ , form the plural ; but are not 
always signs of the plural in the termination 
of a word, as, ^^jqui^y city, i^juy light, ^uigy 
bread : which in the plural iorm^u^quj^^ , ci- 
ties, ifijug^ , the lights. <i^g^ > the loaves. 

The third and fifth cases carry before 
them the letter ; , when the noun begins with 
a vowel, and the letter *fr, when the noun 
begins with a consonant. 

The cases are generally formed either by 
the addition of a vowel to the nominative, 
i\s, fLuin. y wordj fLiun-fif oftheword^ -^.tm, 
iiverj tf^lruinjy of the river, tj^lrum^ coat., 
l^trumnLy of the coat. Spif-iuui ^ TiridatcSj 
Spq^ujifiujjy of Tiridates: or by placing in 
the termination of a word the vowel of the 
last syllable, as, if-iup^ffuy forger^ /^fi#^^*i#^, 
of the forger: or by omitting a vowel of 
the last syllable, as, uMmhnuu , tribunal^ uanlr^ 
^i'l^y of the tribimal: or by exchanging one 



19 

vowel for another, as, uiiupinkqj garden^ 
uituptn^ifP y of tJie garden. 

Some nouns have no singular, as, ipuin^^^ 
glory, ^ujp^y custom, f^cf^nfi^y hell, ^m^n^y 
idol, lilrufis^y life^ hrph-u^y face, luqop-^y 
prayer^ etc. 

And others no plural, as, jyuy hope, ut^py 
affection^ love, ^m^y sleep. I^pkbc^ earthy 
tiMup y wool. [uuML.uip y tlw darUj etc. 

SECOND DECLENSION 

SINGULAR 

!♦ liiup^y the order. 

2. \\,up^[iy of the order. 

3* \\ijjpii-[t or ^ft liiupi^y tun^ ^uipi^y to the 

order. 
4* q\\mpif^y the order. 
5^ '^ liiup^l^y from the order. 
6* \\iupi^iuL.y with or by the order. 

PLURAL 

1 ♦ \\iupi^^ y the orders. 

2* \\iupi^ujgy of the orders. 

3* \\uipij-uMg or '^ liiup^uy to the orders. 

4* ti\\iupi^uy the orders. 

S^ '^ Xiusp^iugy from the orders. 

6* \\uipii-uji-^ or li^pt<>p.y with or by the 
orders. 



20 

THIRD DECLENSION 

SINGULAR 

!♦ ifo/^i^L, the man, 
2* ip£/i^ijf-#y , of the man. 

3* \yuj[trj.nj or Jiupij-nuiT (^X ^ft iTiuptj^^ tO thC 

man. 



4* ijflffi/^iy. , the man. 

5* '^ y^iupri-ni^ from the man. 

6^ \^iupri.tn[, with or by the man. 

PLURAL 

!♦ lfi£/^if^, the men. 

2 ♦ li^iupri-ng , of the men. 

3 ♦ \^iuitij.ng or '^ Jiuitij.u , to the men. 
4* ^U'oi^ifi/, the men. 

5* y# tp^i/^iy./ry , ftom the men. 

6* [f liY'if #ii^ , with or by the men. 

FOURTH DECLENSION 

SINGULAR 

1 . ^^iR , the foundation. 

2* ^fiJLfiiM^ of the foundation. 

3 ♦ ^l^Jhfu or '^ ^^/ffi , to the foundation. 

4* il^ftifiMy the foundation. 

8* '/r ^ItiHuiilfy from the foundation. 

6» ^[tJiuJ^y with or by the foundation. 

PLURAL 

1 ♦ ^,J7tifug^ , the foundations. 

2 . tf^Jiuug , of the foundations. 



21 

3* tjl*Jiu^3 or '^ ^ftJhSiuy to the founda- 
tions. 
4* i5r^^£Ai£.^«#, the foundations. 
8* '^ l^ftiRuiig^ from the foundations. 
6 ♦ \[tJiui%^ , with or by the foundations. 

FIFTH DECLENSION 

SINGULAR 

J ♦ %uAiS y the treasure. 

2 ♦ ^.liA J#ii- , of the treasure. 

3 ♦ %u/u^nL. or '^ .^£/AJ , to the treasure. 
4* 2.4^fi/^J, the treasure. 

S* 'It ^uj%J^y from the treasure. 
6* ^.u/isJinL.y with or by the treasure. 

PLURAL 

1 ♦ ^-uAS^ , the treasures. 

2* 4.iiAJ/i£-y , of the treasures. 

3. ^u/ii3ni.g or '^ tf-ufuluy to tho treasures. 

4* i2^4^£ii^Ji/ , the treasures. 

5* '(t %uiiilni,gy from the treasures. 

6* %ufii^nu^y with or by the treasures. 

SIXTH DECLENSION 

SINGULAR 

1 ♦ Wn^b'-C ' ^^^ fountain. 

2* W/ip^trpy of the fountain. 

3* W^qp^lrit or j^qi^b'-V^ t^ ^^^^ fountain. 

"5^* lU.2/^/'^/'> the fountain. 



22 

^* c/W.^^r^ or jusq^i-pk^ from the foun- 
tain. 

C ♦ w^q^lrp^ or uiiip-lrpiuL. , with 01' by the foun- 
tain. 

PLURAL 

!♦ U^ijf^^-^ or uiq^fii-p^y the fountains. 
2. U.^^^/yr or luq^lrputg^ of the fountains. 

p[ti-[iu , to the fountains. 

4* 2:13.7:^-^/'^ or i2rfi/i2^^i_^«/ , the fountains. 

^ ♦ j^l^^CS or jujq^lrpujg , froui tho foun- 
tains. 

6 ♦ {i/iif^t^pfLg or ujq^lrpiUL^ , with or by the 
fountains. 

SEVENTH DECLENSION 

SINGULAR 

1 ♦ SA-ij/r , the place. 

2^ ^lr,iL.njy of the place. 

3^ S^^sA or i/ii^i^fr'^iL 01' '^ uilrq[iy to the 

place. 
4* qS'^ql'y the place. 

.5^ '^ S^^C^ or ^p uilrqun^k} froui the place. 
6* %lrqIriuL.y ^ith Or by the place. 

PLURAL mMB 

1 ♦ S^^¥^ > the places. 
2* S^T^w^^ > of the places. 

3 ♦ ^Irqlruj^ OV ^ [t uilrq[tu , tO thC plaCCS. 

4* ii^lrqiiuy the places. 



23 

S* '[t %lrqt^iugy from the places. 
6* ^Irql^iUL.^ or inlrqt^qpf wlth ov by the 
places. 

EIGHTH DECLENSION 

SINGULAR 

1. fKt^nfijy the burden. 

2. p^/L^^ , of the burden. 

3. ^Irn-lfu or 'p pLlrnfisy to thc burdcUo 

4. ^.B^'^^j the burden. 

5. '^ f\i&-#LiiiH- > from the burden. 

6. {^IriuuiJfL , with or by the burden. 

PLURAL 

!♦ ^Irn-lfu^y the burdens. 

2 ♦ ^h-iuufiig y of the burdens. 

3 ♦ ^Iriuufiig or '^ fLlrn-[tiiu , to the burdeus. 
4* ti^hrn^lfiiuy the burdens. 

5* '^ p^/Lix/ij, from the burdens. 
6* pA-/Lfi/ii^^ , with or by the burdens. 

NINTH DECLENSION 

SINGULAR 

1 ♦ \\lfu , the woman or the wife. 

2* li^/ijPj of the woman. 

3 . \(un2j)V 'It lilhi , to the woman. 

4* ijyxlfuy the woman. 

8* '^ \{un^y from the woman. 

6* \(uuiu or iimuuiJ^ y with or by the woman. 



24 

PLURAL 

!♦ \\ufuiuj^i the women or the wives. 

2* \\iuuuMUgy of the women. 

3* \\iuuufiMg or !//«- liiuijujjuy to the women. 

4* 2l|ii/?#£iyi/, the women. 

5^ ^(t \\ufuufujy from the women. 

6* \\ufuiuJp.^, with or hy the women. 

lihe following are declined in this manner. 

SINGULAR 

1 • ^[ii-q^or ij-lroqj tho village. 

2 . %lrql_y of the village. 

3* ^^lrql_ov ^{m n-ltL.iiy to the village. 

A. i%lti-qj the village. 

5* '^ %lrqgky from the village. 

6* ^l>i-qfii^ y with or by the village. 

PLURAL 

1 ♦ ^^/tcq^ y the villages. 
2* ^^pL.qPgy of the villages. 
3 ♦ ^fi^qha or '^ fl^A*-^ > to the villages. 
4* i%lti^quy the villages. 
5* '^ ^.[,L.qi,gy from the villages. 
C^ ^.fii-qiiL.^ or q^ftt-qqgy wlth Of hv thc 
villages. 

SINGULAR 

1 ♦ S^T* y the Lord, the Master. 

2 ♦ S^"^'^^ y of the lord. 

3» yruinfu oxijud^py to thc lord. 



25 

4* ^hi^y the lord. 

5* '^ ^Iruinful^ or '^ ^Irnliiky from tliG lord. 

6* %lrpuiJp.y with or by the lord. 



PLURAL 



1 ♦ ^Iriupg^ , the Lords^ the Masters. 

2^ %lrujpg or uilrpiuiMgy of the lords. 

3 ♦ %ywpg , mirfiufug ^X gmlriupu , to the lords. 

4* ^rS^rii/^fi, the lords. 

5 ♦ ^^ S^^fj or '^ uilrpuiLg , from the lords. 

6* S^^"'*^, with or by the lords. 



SINGULAR 



1 ♦ \i£_^ or o^ , the day. 

2 ♦ \\i-ni-p , of the day. 

3* \\,^nL.[i or j"'^/' or jo^, to the day. 
4* ?U/^f' or ^o^> the day. 
S* ^U.'^r^ or jo/'^-) from the day. 
G^ |li_/i£_^^, with or by the day. 



PLURAL 



1 ♦ l),iL/»i-/!^ > the days. 

2* U/L«L.^^, of the days. 

3* \\L.ni-[tg or jiuL.nt.puy to the days. 

4* ^U/-/iiL.^#/ , the days. 

5 ♦ jWi-nLpg y from the days. 

6* y/./11-^p^, with or by the days. 



SINGULAR 



1 ♦ t,uijp y the father. 

2 * 4*^*-^ ^^ '>''/' ' ^^ the father. 



20 

3 ♦ Z^^^p y ^o^ or 3^^ujp > to Ihc fallicr. 
4 ♦ i^^yp » llic father. 
!>♦ '^ Z^iui.pl^ or *^ ^o/'tt from Ihc lather. 
G* Xuipp-y with or hy tlie father. 



r L U U A I. 



i. ^ujp^y the lathers. 

2* 4,"^/^y or <^iupu/uriy of the fathers. 

3* luMp^ y <^uMpiuu^ ov g<^uipu y tolhc fathcrs. 

4* iil^iupuy the fathers, 

5* ^t K'^Cd^^'b "^^c^^a^ fi'om the fathers. 

6* 4"^/^^ > ^^^h or by the fathers. 



TENTH DECLENSION 

SINGULAR 



1 ♦ ^l^if-pufu , Tigranes. 

2* S/'^/'^^'^'^j of Tigranes. 

3* ^[li^pufuujj or '^ %[ttf^[tiuuy to Tigranes. 

4* ^S^?^/*"'^ > Tigranes. 

5* '^ ^[tif^iiu/uujj y from Tigranes. 

6* ]^[,ii-fiufuiui.y with or by Tigranes. 



SINGULAR 



1 ♦ llrriiful^ y Helena. 

2^ 4,^7/''^^'^) of Helena. 

3 ♦ Ihrqifulnij or ii//z- ^Irqiful^ y to Helena. 

4* //4,^i2/#^/, , Helena. 

5* 7' l^l'-rili'ulrujj y from Helena. 

G . llrfiiruLiUL. y with or by Helena. 



27 

ADJECTIVE 

An adjective is a word added to a Sub- 
stantive to express its quality* 

Adjectives in the Armenian language ad- 
mit besides the number or case the degrees 
of comparison. 

The Comparatives are formed in three 
modes ; 1 ♦ with the particle f^j^ > as p^ujpfi , 
good^ P^ajplr^nj^, better, ^p^ had,^[iuji-yij > 
worse. ^iutini.ir^ muchj many^ p^iu^i/lu^y% y 
more. 2. with the prepositions j^**'^, ^**. ^^^^ 

*-t^, aSj tflr& y greats tfir&^ufUy iflr&Luy lun^iu^ 

uiri^i/lr&y greater. 3, with different cases of 
the substantive, as, iHr^^ Jlupn-uMpl^lfLiy great- 
er than all prophets. Jlrh^u '^ Jiuptj^iupl^u ^ 

greater amongst the prophets. 

The Superlatives are also formed in three 
manners: !♦ with the particles ^i^J^*^ or ^^Jy^y 
fl'/' > 4-1- y tf t?^ or t«- put before them, as, 

uJinrhujp.iu[i[t y best. uJt/lrhpi/luuinni/ij , tvlsest^ 
^Irpuiifilu^ni^fi y most clean, iflr&uiilujjlrini^lj 

most convenient. Irn^iuinr&, greatest. 2. by 
adding to them some adverbs, as, Lu t/lr&iu^ 

i]-nfu or dlrh^iutf.njii Lu y greatest, jy^ iluan^ 

P-lUpiUtJ-ilpJ y tuii^^liUJn[fU ^p y WOrSt. lUl!k\^ 

^iLlfii tt^riy^lBli y most handsome. I^pl^gu Irq^ 
litrilty most miserable. 3. by redoubling the 
positives, 3.s^ t/lr&ujt/h^Sr y greatest, ^piu^p 
or j^p uifuiUL-h-f^ ^u/u n^p , worst. 



28 

MIDDLE NOUNS 

Those nouns are named middle ov rnixedj 
Avhich are neither Substanlives nor Pro- 
nouns, and are classed generally in English 
among the Adjectives. 

They are of five kinds : Numeral, Parti- 
tive, General, Interrogative, and Relative. 

THE NOUNS NUMERAL 

The nouns numeral are of five kinds : Ab- 
solute, Cardinal, Separative, Distributive, 
and Replicative. 

ABSOLUTE 

ir^ or J^'b , iAii_ , t-qj one. 
jjp^ncy two* 

hpkg ) or Zr/L , Ayy» f three. 
2,"p^ or ^pu , four. 
l^l/ij^ y five. 

\)i-P^ or Irop^ , seven. 
[\i-P^y eight. 
Yi/u , nine. 
^luuuy ten. 
\Ylruiiuuu/u , eleven. 
\jplinuiiuuufu y twelve. 
\}[tlrp^uiujuu/u y thirteen. 
^nplr^inuMuufu y fourteen. 
^ui^lrimuuufu , fifteen. 
\\lr^iuiuiifuy sixteen. 



29 

}ji.p^Luiujuu or irL.[3^nL.muju^ , sevetileen. 

{[i.(3~Lmujuu or ni.p-nL.uiuiuu y eighteen. 

\{i/uLuiiuuu ov (i^'unL.tnuiuu i niueteeu. 

-^uuiii^ twenhj. 

^uujii L sill ' twentij one. 

\jplruntfuy thirhj. 

\jlilrunilu L Irplint. , f/uVfl/ tWO. 

^uMit-ujuniSu J forty . 

^^uin-uiuni^ Ll. trplrg , fovtlj tJlVee. 

QfiunL.^, fifty. 

^(lunifii L^np^ , fifty four. 

\\uiP^untfiM i sixty. 

^ji^p^u/iiiuuni^y seventy. 

{{L^Punifby eighty. 

yifijunt/iM y ninety. 

frLruuniJh L [fifu , ninety nine. 

l^iuplti-P , hundred. 

Xjck^ct'-Cy two hundred. 

}jplrg^^i^ct"^[t y three hundred. 

^npk:g<^,up[iL^P , four hundred. 

,^^^^<^«//^^c^ , five hundred. 

\{trg<iujplti^[t y six hundred. 

}ji.p^<^ujplii_P y seven hundred. 

f\i-P^<^ujpl/t.[i y eight hundred. 

\kis%<^ujii[tLii y nine hundred. 

i^uMiiiupy thousand. 

p.tri.p or ^/li^/M ten thousand. 

CARDINAL # 

\^ii-gu9ffu or uMn^uip^nttii. y lun-iuVuirnnntL. y *ljiu[u^ 

lllfii y ^UluluU[t y first. 



30 
^HT'TT ^^^* ^T^/' > third. 

\\k^i,fr£rnpf^y SlXtll. 

\ji.p^ulr[tnpfj.^ seventh. 
Wi^piriinpif. , eighth. 
\{ifulrpnpf^ , ninth . 
^iuuij^ftfi£iqy tenth. 
-^^uufulrpnpij^y twentieth. 

}jplruulrpnpq^ , thirtieth. 

^^lun-uiifiMlrpnptj^y fortieth. 

Qfsu^jl^pnpff. , fiftieth. 

\\iuP^uLlrpnpii. , sixtieth. 

\;i.[^ufhiuuhlrpnpri^ , seveutieth. 

i\t^p u^trpnpq. y eightieth. 

\ku^uuulriinpii. , ninetieth. 

l^iup[ii^plrpnpq. , OF <^uMp[ti^pnptj. , hundredth. 

\jCk^C'b^C^P"U't > *^^ hundredth. 
l^iutjiuplrpnpii. , thousandth. 



SEPARATIVE 



If ^f/z^r , one^ sole^ only. 

{^piilrujii oitrpiiiuliy two onhjy two. 

\jpplriuli y three only, three. 

Unplnutf OY ^iun-tnuli , foUr OnUj^ foUV. 

Z^if^k^uj/^y fve only J, five. 

^iUiJijlrujJIf y ten only^ ten. 

\;i [J iuuiuuulriufi y seveuty ordy^ seventy. 

Z,uip[tL pLujii , hundred onhjj, hundred. 



31 

DISTRIBUTIVE 

\jpJ![n^lruA or trp^npf/L , hotkj the two. 
Xjfilr^lrufu or Irpkglt'u , the thvce. 
Qapt-^t-uA or ^phrgltiM , the four. 
}ji.p^uAk^lriu^ or lri-P^ufulrg[fu , the sevcu. 

JjnLntisLuuiuub^triuu OV h-pl^nuiujuulhhipnii ) the 

twelve. 
\jdiH^u/i^^i-[' } both, one and the other. 

REPLICATIVE 

\^pliiiliuinl,li or lipklfi' y double^ two. 

\^plrp_iilium[rJ^ ^lrft.ujuiujui[ili OV lrplrpli[tU , triple^ 

treble^ threefold. 

fourfold. 
^if-ujuiiumliliy quintuple^ fivefold. 
\ji-p^iuuiiijinlt^ , sevenfold. 
%iuui3uiiuuililiy tenfold. 
^iiiplEi-liujuiujin[sii^ hundredfold. 
^lutjujpujuiiuuilgli , thousandfold. 

THE NOUNS PAHTITIYE 

fiSS > 'F^ ) lipy some^ somebody^ one^ any^ 

whosoever. 
\iifLj [Thij a^ one^ some^ certain^ single^ any. 
\yiiJlriu%g or tp^p^ug , of One ^ of the other. 
\ii-pLLjp^,2fui[BL^P or ufiMghlti-p , eaeh^ every ^ any. 
}ShrL.u or JltL-u , other ^ another. 
l^^JL "-P > "^L "^ ' another. 
IIjlI''^' '^JLb'^lj (i^iother, differe7it. 



32 
\}'l>i-u nlfii , another. 
\\Lpui^u/u^ii^[i n^f everi) one. 
\M-piu^ufiM^i-P [fu^ Qvertj or amj tliimj. 
U'^ 1^1, evertj, any. 
-\\uAIm ifi,^ or ^ufuf^ JJjiy some^ not many. 

THE NOUNS GENERAL 

Htffriiujj^ or iuJ^'ijf ally every, any. 
\\Jirulrp_lriJu ov lutflrulrftti^ i «//„ every one. 
^ninp y all^ whole, entire j total. 
^ninjilr^lnuu ov ^n[n[ilr^[iLy allj, every one. 

all^ ivlioley entire^ totals complete. 
^JtriMinfu n^ , every one. 
\]inruuju [/h^y every or any tiling. 
i\l> n^ } ivhoevery ivhosoever. 
(\[i [fii^ whatsoever. 

n^ n^ > none^ not one^ not any^ nobody. 
(\l_l'^l^ or ni^Jlili^ij nothing J, not any thing. 

THE NOUNS INTERROGATIVE 

H'' or nilj who? ivhich person ? 

(i^fff who? which ? 

I^^ir^, what ? which ? 

-{iu/oliy how much? how many? 

fl'//^ "4> y n iip^ y lift ng, , whoevcr ? who ? 

(\'p /,!fu y iil^u^ [fu^ whatever ? what ? 

\\v"ib''b > 'iL'^^'^nb^b > '^'/^^^ *^ which ? 
{Xniiiuuy ni*uii,[ty how much? how many? 



33 

THE NOUNS RELATIVE 

^^uuiftult , unjuuiftult , ^udif like^ same^ si- 
milaTj as^ so. 

^^t^nb^t > iy^"ib"t' > ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ similar, 
l^^'iiuf/iuli y ^nfuuiliufi , so^ as^ as that^ like 

that. 
W^u^iiAi , unfLMg^ufu , SO much^ as many. 
H^i^iuii^f unfu^ifty so much^ as mamj. 
H^jil^guiijj rj.njh^iuuy so mantjj, so much. 

^^Jt^'t ' tlf^^'t ^ ^^ many^ so much. 
W^'iMg^iuu y %nfu^tuu y so many J so much. 
"^J^liuift y ^nfu^iji , so many^ so much^ so 
much as. 
All these middle nouns are declined under 
one of the ten declensions of nouns substan- 
tive, except ni& and np , which are diffe- 
rently declined in the singular, but similarly 
in the plural number, as 

SINGULAR 

I. {\iRy one, some, fi^, one, any person. 

2 ♦ (\i-pni.iR y of one. ti^c"^^ » of any. 

3* (\L.i/irlfiy to one. fl^*/^^ to any. 

4. ^(\ifby one. ?fM> any. 

5» jf\L.i/lrifit^y from jdi-Jk^tk^ from any. 

one. 
6^ fl'^'^j with or by n*^*^ * with or by 

one. any. 



34 

P L U K A I. 

1 ♦ {{Jluhp^ , some. 
2* {[iHJuijy of some. 

3 ♦ {[Jiuhg or jnJlifUu y rjnJiuUu , tO SOIUC. 

4* ii{\inijhuy some. 

5* j{\inuujy from some. 

G* Hi^i^^ , ^ith or by some. 

PRONOUN 

Pronouns stand in place of nouns and, 
like them, have case, number, and particu- 
larly the first, second and third persons, as, 

In Armenian they have no genders. 

There are four kinds of pronouns: Sub- 
stantive or Personal, as, L-uy I. ,^nL.y thou. 
ffu^ y hsj, himself, l^i-p , own, himself. Defini- 
tive, as, utu y this (person or thing), q-m , that 
(person or thing), ^w/, thaty he^ she^ it. Pos- 
sessive, as, ^iTor l^ilnjlfu^ imjj mine. #/Zr^or 
illrpnjlfu y 0111% ours, ^y ov ^nj[fu y thy, thine. 
llrft or ^Irpnjlfu , yoi/)% \jour s. (^t-p or tH'^-^ 
[fuyhis, herSy its. /it-p^u/hg y their ., theirs. 
And Relative^ as, ^p , ivho, which, that^ what. 

The three letters ^ , i- y''^ , arc called Arti- 
cles-distinct iv(^-of-thc-persons; and joined 
to the terminations of^ords and verbs, shew 
their persons or order, and arc used as pro- 
nouns personal, possessive, and definilivc, as, 
iRuiuf^u, I who am a man, or mij man, or this 



35 
man. Jlu^nf.^^ thou who art a man^ or thij man, 
or that man. iHuprj^, he who is a man^ or his 
man or that man. 

DECLENSIONS OF THE PERSONAL PRONOUNS 

1. Person. 

SINGULAR 

Kb*/, I. 

2* liJ] of me, mine or my. 

o ♦ |i^<5 y st*^ > ^^'^ ['"i to me. 

4* i^lii/, me. 

S* jl^ul^'ijy from me. 

6* li^A., with or by me. 

PLURAL 

!♦ \Tk^y we. 

2 ♦ If ^^ , of us, our or our's. 

3* y^lrtjj gJh-ijj uitTL Jh-qj tO US. 
4* ^|J"i^^, US. 

S. '^ ir4^£.» from us. 

6* y^lrL,^ , or £y£-Q^ , with or by us. 

2. Person. 

SINGULAR 

!♦ Q./it-, thou, 

2* -p^, of thee, thine or thy. 

3* *pt/5^, f/i/L ^Irqj g^lriij tO theO. 

4* /£-B^^, thee. 
5.7. -jl4^5., from thee. 
6* -^Ly with or by thee. 



36 

PLURAL 

1 ♦ %nLft yc or you. 

2* Ulriiy of you, your or your's. 

3^ U.^qj g^l^ij lun- ^Irtij to you. 

4^ 'i^lriu you. 

§♦ /# S4^^> from you. 

6* ii^^^ or ^Irog , wilh or by you. 

3. Person. 

SINGULAR 

1 ♦ \A^% , he or himself. 

2 ♦ \A^lruJh , of him or his. 

3* \\%^l!rujiMy or «i//L (fiiguy to him. 
4* ij^li^^, him. 

^* ^1^V^^^> f^*^^^^ him. 

6* Ybplriui^y with or by him. 

PLURAL 

1 ♦ Ydi^trufup , they or themselves. 

2* XiiiglriJugy of them, their or their's. 

3* \kU^lrufUgy or ui n- [fUp^lriuUu yiO thom. 

4* ij\(iMp}rufuu y them. 

^* jV^^^^^a^ from them. 

6 ♦ YiiglruMJ^^ y ^v ith or by them. 

I^^i^^ alone signifies /le^ 67ie^ but accom- 
panied by another pronoun signifies self:, '^% 
lru[fii^ y myself, qnu [fh^ii y thyself'iiiu [fb^u , 
himself 



37 

SINGULAR 

2* l\i-p or [n-plrufu^ his. 

3^ Yi-py fti-ptriuu or IX//L [ti-p y to him, to 

himself. 
4. 

5* j\iupJl^y from him, from himself. 
6 ♦ \ii-pL. , [,1-plriUL. or (li-plruijp. , with or by 

him or himself. 

PLURAL 
1. 

2^ ]i£_^i^a/%, their, their's. 

3 ♦ \\^filru/hg , to them or to themselves. 

4. 

5* j\\LiilrujiMji from them, from themselves. 

6 ♦ lii-^£-fii£i^^ , with or by them or themselves. 

Declension of Definitive Pronouns Personal 
1. Person. 

SINGULAR 

!♦ \}iiiy this (person). 

2* IJ/Yifi/, of this. 

3* \}i/uj or I///L utuy to this, 

4* i^Ui//, this. 

5.*^ DJii^, from this. 

6^ X^ni/iULf with or by this. 



38 

PLURAL 

K Unpiut these (persons). 

2* Mnjtuy of these. 

3* Wngiu or «ii/L unuili y to these. 

4* i^lJfvf/fiit these. 

5* '/r |]/,^/^^4 , from these. 

C* W'lp^iuLg or ti#»pop , hy or with these. 

2. Person. 

SINGULAR 

!♦ ^|.«i#, that (person). 

2 ♦ ^.#i^£i/ , of that. 

3 ♦ ^.i/iu or gif^ui , to that, 
4* i^f^.*!/, that* 

S* ^^ %Jh/i»k^, from that. 
6 ♦ %nilmi. , by or with that. 

PLURAL 

1 ♦ %ngiu , those (persons). 

2 ♦ %ngiu , of those. 

3* ^^ngiu or #ii/z- rj-nuiUy tO thoSe. 

4* Y^#i«i£u, those. 

5* V^ ^|.nym^^, from those. 

C ♦ %np^uiL^ > or ri^np^op , by or with those. 

3. Person. 

SINGULAR 

1 ♦ %iu , that (person) he, she. 
2* '\jn[nuy of that. 



39 
3 « \,i/iu , or giiiu , iutu %iu , to that. 
4* i^bii/, that. 
S-'^'biya,?.^-, from that. 
6 ♦ \jntluiL. , by or with that. 

PLURAL 

1 ♦ \,npuj } those. 
2*'i^#fya/, of those. 

3 ♦ '\jngiu or ii//L 'Unutu , gUnuiu , tO thoSO. 

4^ t[{jnuiu^ those. 

S* '^ %ngufu^ , from those. 

6* 'b'?^'^'.^ or ^/jpo^ , by or with those. 

BeclensionsofDefinitivePronouns Adjective. 

1. Verson. 

SINGULAR 

* ♦ U.j*' > this (person or thing). 
^ ♦ llj'^r ^r iujunpftli , of this. 

3^ ys^juiP^ lyuJl^li or «£i/r. «ty«#, to this. 

"^^ ^Uj^^this. 

S* j}A^juJiJulf y from this. 

6* UbJ*"*^ or lyunL-ltli , by or with this. 

PLURAL 

* ♦ ^j"^ or ujjung[t^ , these. 

2 ♦ U^j''5 or iyuiy[t^ , of these. 

^ ♦ ^j"5 > "ij""9tk or «ii/L ujjunuftii , to these. 

^^ ilXj^'^^M' these. 

^* c/U-J^J ^^ j'y9^^k } from these. 

6 ♦ W.j^npf't^ or ujjungliiffL^ y by or with these. 



40 

2. Person. 

SINGULAR 



1 ♦ lJ.jif , that (person or thing). 

2 ♦ \],j^p or iujij.npl,li , of that. 

3 ♦ Win-iPy iMJjq^J]it£ or iUfL. ujjrj. , to tliat. 

K. jH^yiy.a/?#4^, from that. 

6 ♦ U.JT^"^ or ujjij-ni^[,li , by or with that. 



PLURAL 



1 ♦ ^Jte^ w ujjfi-neit^ , those. 

2 ♦ lj.jif5 or uu^ngtk > ^f those. 

3 ♦ lL,y^^ > "ijt"3t'k ^^ ^"- ^t""bk > t^ those- 
4 . tiXS^jij^nufiii y those. 

S ♦ jM^j'ta ^^ j'y^S"'^^ ' fr^J^^ those. 
6* \kjt"^b^^ ^^ "iJt"^t"%^^ by or with 
those. 

3. Person. 

SINGULAR 

!♦ U,j^> that (person or thing). 

2 ♦ U^evV ^^ 'y^"cbk > ^f tliat. 

3 • U,j^^, "ifr"fbk ^^ ^"^ "ifi' > to that. 
4. ijrl).>, that. 

S* jWJuiHJul^y from that. 

6, U.j^''^ or ujfuni.[,fi , by or with that. 

PLURAL 

1 ♦ l].,y% or ujfunplt/i , those. 

2 * U.j% or iyuniil,/i y of those. 



41 

to those. 
4» tjj^Junulili or qujjuuy thosG. 
S* j\}.,j^j or jiufuyufulj% from those. 
6. \\^fingt^^ ^^ «tyi#/2^^£^.^ , hy or with those. 

Of/ier Definitive Pronouns Adjective. 
1. Person. 

SINGULAR 

1 ♦ U^^^ , this same (person or thing). 

2* IJ/Y'^'i* or unpni.^9 of this same. 

3* Uii^^ or tun, uyuy to this same. 

4* ^U^^^j this same. 

5* ('^ U^'i* or '^ 'ifi?'^) from this same. 

6* l)/i^l# or unil^Jp.^ by or with this same. 

PLURAL 

1 ♦ Uc/'V ^^ '"^^/'^ > these same. 

2 * ySng[fu , un^mfis OV ungnSig , of thCSC SamG. 
3* \]nqfiU or n/nL. unuffu y lutu unjiiu y tO thoSG 

same. 
4* q\]nfiMuy qunuffuy thesc Same. 
5* [t X^ngntHijjf from these same. 

6* Wn^^^y "Igl^^cgy OV uiigni.J^^y by Or 

with these same. 



42 

2. Person. 



SINGULAR 



1. q^j/li, that same (person or thing). 

2 ♦ %nplfu or ri^n[,nifu , of that Same. 

3 • ^^Jlfu or fii/L i;f-2/*^ , to that same. 
4^ ^^I'^j/^, that same. 

J>* (^ ^2/S# or 7# ifi^^) from that same. 
6* ^ni/f/h or ii-ni/fii^ , by or with that same. 



PLURAL 



1 ♦ ^n/h^ y or rj-nplfis , those same. 

2 ♦ %ngffit , tj-n^niflM Or q^ngnt^jg , of thoSe Same. 

3 ♦ ^ngffu or fii/L rj-nulfii , a//L q-nf^u , tO thOSG 

same. 
4« ij'l^/yi/ii or qrj-nu[fijy ihose Same. 
S . '^ Q^r/j/f£.iy , from those same. 
6 ♦ ^niliitfp^ , t^-^t^^ ^^ rj-n^ni-Jp^ , by Or 

with those same. 

3. Yerson. 

SINGULAR 

1 • Xlfi* > that same (person or thing). 

2 ♦ '\jnpl»i^ or 5//»^/iLi , of that same. 

3 ♦ 'ijJli'u or ujn, %nju , to that same. 
4* qVjnjijy that same. 

5* (^ \,n/i# or 7* ?//i^^/) from that same. 
^-'h"'Ui^ ovini/pjfL y by or with that same. 



43 

PLUEAL 

1 ♦ \3ykiL or ^n^lfii y those samee 

2 ♦ \fnglMU y'lingnifu OV'Ungnifug , of thoSC SamC 

3 ♦ \^ng[fu or Mit^ ^nuffu > «//£. %yiMU , tO ihoSG 

same. 
4* ^nj^uy or t^tMnuffiMy those same. 
5* '^ 'Xjngnifugy from thosc Same. 
6 ♦ \3"^'%P- > *^ngtf^%p. or %ng^nL.Jp.^ , hy or 

\^ith those same. 

The Definitive pronouns are accompanied 
sometimes with the pronoun Ifu^ , ^el/) as, 
uiu [Am^ , f/ii5 self-same, /[.us [fu^u , f/mf 5ei/^ 
same or himself, ^uj Ifk^* > i/i«f selfsame or 
himself lyu (fu^y this same, ^yh (fu^^ 
samsj that same. 

Or they are joined together, as, un/h umy 
this same, riyu ij.iu , q-nfii ujjij- , that same^ 
the same himself 

Declensions of Pronouns Possessive. 

The Possessive pronouns are formed of 
personal and definitive pronouns; the second 
case of these forms the first case of the pos- 
sessive. 

1. Person. 

SINGULAR 

!• ^itPy my (mine). 
2 . \\t/y y of my. 



44 

3» ]^i/?n.J] or ujn- fiiPy to my. 
4. ^]i#/", my. 

5 ♦ jAMPifk or j^'/J/ ♦ '^*^'^^ '^^y- 
G* hi/?/i/j by or with my. 



PLURAL 



1 * h^ y my. 

2 * ]ii^iy , of my. 

3* \tif^j f ujoL ftiHi , to my. 

4* igjiiys, my. 

S ♦ ,y|ii% , from my. 

6, |>£^^, by or with my. 



SINGUI^AR 



1 ♦ IT^^ , our. 

2^ ir^/'s^f of our, our's. 

3» |f£Yi/ii_fr, to our. 

4* -2ir^^,our. 

5^ '^ ir^/'*>^ or 'ft iHrpy , from our. 

6* X^Irpntl, by or with our. 



PLURAL 



1. Ift^, aur. 

2* Ift^/ij, of our • 

3 • \ylrpnj , to our. 

4* qXyirpuy our. 

?>♦ '^ ir^/'^'j) ft'om our. 

(>♦ ir^/'/''^/>> by ov with our. 



45 
2. Person. 

SINGULAR 



1 • -p/» , Ihy (thine). 

2 ♦ ^y y of thy. 

3^ ^yy or ^HLiPy to thy. 
4* ^*p/i, thy. 

5 ♦ '^ -fLnuinu^ or '^ ^/y , from thy. 

6 ♦ ^nilj by or with thy. 



PLUKAL 



1 . -p^/'^ , thy. 

2 ♦ -p/iy , of thy. 

3* -^ng or ^^ ^nj"y to thy, 

4 ♦ i^yu , thy. 

5 ♦ ^/r 4\/iy > from thy. 

6* ^nijl^y by or with thy. 

SINGULAR 

1 ♦ £^^ , your. 

2. ^Irpyy of your, your's. 
3* ^Irpni^iPy to your. 

4* ii^lr[iy your. 

5 ♦ '^ ^lr[>if^ or '^ ^i^/»2^ ) from your. 

6 ♦ ^t^itni/j by or with your. 

PLURAL 

1 ♦ a^-f?^ , your. 
2* S.^p^gy of your. 

3 ♦ Si^/znj > to your. 
4^ i^^iE-^i/j your. 

2* 



66 

y. '^ U.l^C"3^ ^^'^^^^ your. 

C* Ulrpnij^, by or with your. 

3. Person. 

SINGULAR 

1 ♦ ]i£.^ , his or her. 

2 ♦ b^/»2^ , of his. 
3. ]%L.pni,J) to his. 
4* ^li^/»f his. 

5* jji^^^y^ or jti^pnjy from his. 
6* lii-^/ii^, by or with his. 

PLURAL 

1 ♦ \^i-p^ » his. 
2* li£.^/7^, of his. 

3 ♦ \ii-png , to his. 
4* ^]i^^f/, his. 

5 ♦ jV^png y from his. 

6 ♦ \\i.pnilgt f by or with his. 

From the genitives of these are formed 
other possessives with a particle f**^ ; they have 
the same signification, but are declined with 
prepositions, and are these: t'^nb'^^ ^^I/. 
mine, ^yl^i^ , thy^ thine. JlrpylfiM , our. ly^y 
[''u } your, [ti-pylfu , his or her own. 

The same possessives are formed also in 
this manner: /^J^ujlt^j my<, mine. Jlrpuj/ffiM , 
our. 3ilrpujj[iiM , your, (ti^piyl/u , his. [ti^filru/u^ 
jujjlfuy their: and these are declined. 



fi 



47 

Declensions of possessives derived from 
the Definitives. 

I. Person. 

SINGULAR 

!♦ Unptuf his or her. 

2* ]]nf/uj/yy of his. 
3* Ijnptyni^j] tO his. 

S- 

6* \}n[iuj/nil\ by or with his. 

PLURAL 

1 ♦ ijn^ii^^ , his or her. 

2 ♦ U^^ay^ or unpiyng y of hlS. 
3* }}npujjg y or unpuMjn^ y tO hls. 

4* igU^/"^''* his. 

5* ^(t }An[iujjngy fiom his. 

6* \]npujjnil^y by or with his. 

SINGULAR 

1 ♦ l]/>5a/ , their. 

2* Wngiynjy of their. 

3* X^n^iynLtPy to their. 

4- 

5. 

6* \]ngujjni[, by or with their. 

PLURAL 

!♦ U//^uy^, their. 

2 ♦ U'»5f«^j or ungiujng , of their. 



/i8 

3» Wnjujjg or unrjojjnj y lo llieir- 

A. iiWnijujju y their. 

^* t W"3^"j > fiom their. 

G* ijnjtynilpy b}' or With their. 

2. Person. 



SINGULAR 



Q^#»/i£^ , his or her. 
tYn[tujjy y of his. 

%nftiujnL.iPy to his. 



1. 

2. 
3. 

6^ ^npujjnilj by or with his. 



PLURAL 



1. 

2. 
3. 
4. 

6. 



1* 
2* 

3. 
4^ 



%npujj^ , his or her. 

^nnujjg OY n.nnujjng , Ol hlS. 

^xnpiujq y 1-"p^"g or '^ n.nfiijjju , tO HIS. 

tj^xnpujju y his. 

%n[tujjnil^y by or with his. 

SINGULAR 

^./»^«i/, their* 
%ngujjnj y of their. 
%nj,ijjnL.iPy to their. 



C. %'>jujjnilj by or with their. 



49 

PLURAL 

1 ♦ %ngiy^ ) theii'. 

2 ♦ %"3"^3 or tf.ngujjng , of their. 

3 ♦ %ngujjng OV [t ij.ngujju , tO their. 

4* t^ngujjuy their. 

S* ft ^ngujjnify froiii their. 

6 ♦ q./.^«^#iij(^, by or with their. 

3. Person. 

SINGULAR 

1 ♦ \,n[iui , his or her. 

2 ♦ '\jnpijj/y , of hiSe 

3 ♦ '\jnpuJjnuJ\ to his. 

4. 

6 ♦ \,nftujjnily by or with his. 

PLURAL 

1 ♦ %n[iujj^ , his or her. 

2 ♦ \3npujjg or "itnpujjng , of his. 

3 ♦ '^XjnpiMJjg y Itnpijjjng OV ^ [1 ^Unpiuju , tO hls. 

4 ♦ t^npuJju , his. 

8 ♦ '^ \^n[tujjng , from his. 

6 • ^npujjnii^ , by or with his. 

SINGULAR 

1 ♦ \,ngus , their. 

2 ♦ \jngujjnj , of their. 

3 . '{jngujjnL^iPy to their. 

4. 

8. 

6 ♦ %nijijjinijj by or with their. 



50 

PLURAL 

1. %ngiuj^y their. 

2 ♦ 'Xjngujjg or ^ngujjng , of their. 

3 ♦ 'Xj^gujjng or '^ ^Lngtuju , to their. 
4* ^ngujjuy their. 

K • '^ \j"3iy"3 y from their. 
^•\,ngujjnii^ > hy or with their. 

Declension of the Pronoun Relative. 

SINGULAE 

1 ♦ fl/» or #f , who, which, what, that. 

2* n/'s^j whose, of which. 

3 ♦ i\pni.irov iUiiL np , to whom, to which. 

4» ti{{py whom. 

S* c/fl/"^ or jnpy , from whom, from which. 

6* {{pnil2 with or by whom or which. 

PLUBAL 

1 • fl/¥ > ^v^ho, which, what, that. 

2* n/"'^» whose, of which. 

3 ♦ O/^^'ir or m/L #^11/ , to which. 

4* jH/iii, which. 

S» j{\pngy from which. 

G • Wprnl^ , by or with which. 

VERB 

The verb signifies to be, to do, or to suf- 
fer with tense, number and person. 

Five properties belong to the verb. Rind, 



51 

Tense or Time, Number, Person and Con- 
jugation. 



KIND 



There are four kinds of verbs : Substan- 
tive, Active, Passive, and Neutral. 

The first denotes existence, as, tJ) I am. 
tj-niP^ I do exist. The second action, as, £i#/l^ 
ilrJ] I do, I make. The third sufferance, as, 
in^fh/iiTy I am done or made. The fourth the 
action subsisting in itself, as, lu^unnliJ) I 
labour. t^uunP^ I go. 

There is also another kind called Com- 
mon, which signifies the action as well as 
the sufferance, as, i^-ujin^J) I judge^ and I 
am judged. 



TENSE 



There are three tenses of the verb : the 
Present, as, ^pt-J] I write. Past, as, ^pt-^ 
gp f I wrote : and Future, as^ tc^ata > ^ shall 
write. 

The past is either Imperfect, as, ^pkt > f 
was writing^ or Perfect, as, ^ptrgt^^ I wrote. 

The ancient grammarians add two other 
perfect tenses : the Preter-perfect, as, tj^phruMi^ 
triTy I have written^ and the Preter-plu-per- 
fect, as, tf-plriuij^lt , I had written: but these 
tenses do not necessarily belong to the Ar- 
menian language. 



NUMBEK 



The verb has tw^ numbers : Singular, as, 
^[itriPy I ivrite^ and Plural, as, ^plnfgywe 
write. 



PERSON 



The persons are three: First, as, tpyj\ 
I write. Second, as, j^plru , thou writest. and 
Third, as, ^p^ , he writes. 

CONJUGATION 

The variation of a verb in it's tenses, 
numbers^ and persons is called conjugation. 

Conjugation is either Regular or Irregular. 

Regular conjugation changes regularly in 
the termination of the verb without any 
omission. 

The irregular conjugation wants some 
tense or mood, and is called Defective; or 
in some tense or mood deviates from the 
rule, and is called Devious; or wants the 
first and second person, and is called Imper- 
sonal 

MOODS OF THE VERB 

The manner of signifying some action is 
called the Mood. There are four in the re- 
gular verbs: Indicative, Imperative, Sub- 
junctive and Infinitive. 

AVhcn the verb indicates some action^, af- 
firming it siniply, it is called the indicative, 



53 

as, t^plriPy I write, ^plrgt^ , I wrote, treats ' 
J shall write. 

When it commands or prohibits, it is call- 
ed imperative, as, ij-plruj^ write thou or do 
thou write. Jji tP^C > ^^ ^^^^^ write not. 

When it expresses a suspended action, or 
dependent upon another verb to complete 
the sense, it is called subjunctive, as, i^/3^4- 
^pfiglrJ] if I ivrite. 

When one action is denoted without tense, 
number or person, the mood is called infi- 
nitive, as, ^pl^u to write. 

The indicative has three tenses, with per- 
sons and numbers. The imperative has two 
tenses: present, and future ; it has two num- 
bers, but in the singular has no first person, 
because he who speaks does not command 
himself. However in the plural there is a 
first person, because other persons are ad- 
dressed and commanded. 

The subjunctive has the numbers, and 
persons perfect : but in the tenses has only 
the present, and the future, because the Ar- 
menian language has not properly the past 
tense of subjunctive. 

The infinitive has neither tense, number, 
nor person : whence it is used as a noun, 
and declined in the singular, and is then 
called the Gerund. 



ok 

Example. 

SINGULAR 

1 ♦ ^^[ilru to VI ite. 

2 • %plr^ y of writing. 

3* %[>lriy or /r f^f»^iL! ^0 Writing. 

4* 24^/ii£7j the writing. 

5* '^ ^ftri^f from writing. 

6 ♦ h^plriniij with or by writing, writing. 

The Conjugations of the verbs are four, 
and are distinguished by the last vowels of 
their indicatives, which are, t> •«, •*-, ^♦ 

The indicative of the first conjugation 
ends with the vowel t, as, 2f^/»c/-t#/^ J move; 
of the second with ••', as, ini^u/u^iPy I wash; 
of the third with «^, as, <ilrq^^J) I pour 
out; of the fourth with {-, as, #ii-f/iiA;#r, I 
learn. 

Every conjugation although different in 
its moods, tenses, numbers and persons, 
preserves the first syllable of it's indicative, 
excepting such verbs as are Devious. 

Every person and tense of the verb end- 
ing in f or t, is plural. ?t is the sign of the 
first and second person, and*^ of the third; 
provided only that^ be not the article dis- 
tinctive of the person, because it then would 
be singular. 

Every verb which terminates in /, is in 
the first person ; in « , is in the second per- 
son ; verbs ending in ^ or ^ » are in the first 



or second person ; verbs ending in t » •^*- » 
„.- , m^ or -t , in the third person ; and those 
terminating in^ , are in the second and third 
person. 

In every conjugation the future of the in- 
dicative is formed by adding the letter ^ to 
the perfect, as, ^fi/^cfA-^^ , I moved^ ^pJ^L-^ 
glig , I shall move, ini-ujglt , I washed^ [nt-tu^ 
gl^3 y I shall wash. ^^IrqO > I poured out^ <^lr^ 
qlig y I shall pour out. nL.uujj y I learnedy n^^ 
uiujg y I shall learn. 



PARTICIPLE 

The participle is formed by adding to 
the termination of the verb the particles ^»i 
or a>i (sign of the present), t^^(sign of the 
past) ^-^ or il: (sign of the future). 

As a verb it has tense, and as a noun i 
cases and numbers. 

Example. 

PRESENT 

Singular. 

1 ♦ %iinq^ or 'n'orij ho who writcs , or is 

writing. 

2 ♦ ^pnqf, , of him who writes. 

3* ^pnqi, or lii/L it^pni^y to hiui who writes. 
4. i^prniy him who writes. 



ti. 7' ^pfq^f from him who writes. 
C* ^*[inqujL.y by or with him who writes. 

Plural 

1 ♦ ^^[tnq^ , those who write , or who are 

writing. 

2 ♦ ^pnquig , of those who write. 

3* ^finquiij or tun. I^pnquy tO thOSC WhO 

write. 
4* ^^.^/lijrf/, those who write. 
5 ♦ '^ q.^#ii2^j , from those who write. 
^^%pniiuti.^ or ij-pn^o^y by or with those 

who write. 

PAST 

Smgfuiar. 

1 ♦ %plriui2 written or wrote. 
2* %plrinf^ of written. 

3* %plriry OV uin. tf^plriu^^ tO Written. 

4* ^^A-ii/^, written. 

5* '^ %pirinfy from written. 

6* ^ptriniij by or with written. 

PhiraL 

!♦ ^./itm^, written or wrote. 

2^ ^plrinjy of written. 

3* %pl^[^3 or «ii/i- if-pfriuiuy to written. 

4. f^^j.^it^fi/^ , written. 

r> ♦ '^ ^^plring } from written. 

<)♦ ^plrin'l^i} by or with written. 



rj7 

FUTURE 

The future ending in i^j > is declined only 
with prepositions, as, 

Sincjular. 

1 ♦ ^[ilr^g^ to be written. 

3* '[t Spiring y to that to be written. 

4* fj^ptring^ to be written. 

Plural. 

!♦ 9>^Zr^^^, to be written. 

3* '/i %[ilringuy to that to bo written. 

4* t]%plringuy to be writteu. 

The future terminated in \} , is declined 
thus, 

Sincjular. 

I. %[jlri[iy to be written. 

2* ^[ttri^njy of that to be written. 

3* ^^i^^/y or /!/«. ^pt-i^i to that to be 

written. 
4* i^plrfti^y to be written. 
S* ^^ %i,lriL.njy from that to be written. 
6* ^^itlrib^ujL y by or with that to be written. 

Plural 

1 ♦ ^^pt^i/if^ y to be w ritten. 

2 ♦ ^[itr^iug y of that to be written. 

3 ♦ ^[ilr^ujg or '^ trplri^u , to that to be 

written. 
4* i^ph^i/iuy to be written. 



:i8 
S* '/f q./iA-^fi/j , from that to be written. 
G ♦ ^^plriL^uML^ or ^plrfh-o^ , by or ^\\\\ that 
to be written. 

Specimen of the four conjugations of the 
verbs regular with their moodsj tenses, 
numbers and persons. 

INDICATIVE 

Present. 
Sing. Fers. Plur. Pers. 

2. ynuu/b—uitT-utu—UJj. tuJh—$ujD—utu. 

Imperfect. 

2 • {nt.ti^i'-itijp'^ujjpn—tujn • tuttup—unb.B'^^yn^t • 

Perfect. 

1 • \jiunJ-^hap—bqhn'^hutq • ifquip~Lqhp~-hqttli • 

2 , ynt.tu—q^tq—ujfru—u^li • ttjnc-^—u^lt^—tJjf/i% ♦ 
4» Wt-u-u^j-jltU-jli* 3"^-2fl^-jl'^* 



ri9 



IHIPEEATIVE 

Present. 



1 ♦ {jtnpcf-lruj t J^ ^pJ-hp ♦ 

2 • \nt~tu ) i^i ^n»-u^tu»p ♦ 

4* \\t-ufip , fi^' ni-uu/bpp* 



XfiupJ-lr^l^^ , «^' ^uip^t^* 
(fiupO'huqiyhf tl^ yuipxrhuahli , 

Int^ututilils f £^/ int^tuuahli • 



Future. 

1 ♦ {jutpJ-ku^pp or ^lupj-ku^ JiiMpJ-&u^nt-p t lutpj-hu^i^ f 

qlru t ^tupj-huitlir^ ^ujpJ-liuql:% • 

2 ♦ \nt.utu2pp or ina^tuuqh-u f \f$Ltuuqnt-p , £nuiuu^[p y 

int.tuuq^ • /ni~ujuqh% • 

3 • l^kqjBp or ^kt^al^u , ^iti^.- 2,^^'''^ » ^^fHi^ » 4^t 

4« ||c<i^/i^ or nuuuAfi^l'p f n*-"^''*!^! na.u2liP Of nt-uu*^ 
ni-ti^^i» ^t2l'^ * nt.uqfi*iU • 

SUBJUNCTIVE 

The present is formed like that of indicative. 
Fiifure. 



1 • {jiupJ—lirjhJ—fiqhu—ftqt; 
>• Iha—nt-qni^tl—ni-qni-u—nLqi 



uqnutfh—nt-qnt-P'- 



INFINITIVE 



1 • {fU/pJ—ktt 

A. flc(ua#%-f£^ or A^. 



60 

PARTICIPLE 

Present. 

Vast. 

Future. 

2^^ 'IIP J or ZJ^Itt* \\t-uiubbfnq or Wt^utuUhi^z 

CONJUGATION OF SUBSTANTIVE VERBS 

Defective verb b**** f «^* 

INDICATIVE 

Present. 

}jiPy I am. Iruy thou art. 4r, he is. 
b'^ > we are. kp^ , ye are. fri# , they are. 

Imperfect. 

\lt , I was. 4^^/f , thou wast. 4^^# , he was. 
][wii^, we were, ht'^y ye were. 1^1^^ they 
were. 

IMPEIIATIVE 

b/»> he thou or do thou he. 

1;^^ , or Ir^nii^ , hc yc or do yc he. 



61 

SUBJUNCTIVE 

\%glrJ\ I be. [iglru , thou be. (tgk > he be. 
jryA-^ , we be. [fgk^ f ye be. l>gt% , they be. 

INFINITIVE 

}jLi to be. 

PARTICIPLE 

Past 
}jtuu been or havhig been. 
Future. 

}j[ng , which is to be, or about to be. 

Comparing this verb with the verb ^^p^ 
J^lr^ to move^ of the first conjugation, it is 
clearly seen, that its conjugation is the basis 
of the latter. 



Defective verb ^|^«A I am or I exist. 

INDICATIVE 

Present. 

^.fifT, I am. ^nu , thou art. jf^y > he is. 
f|.#ii^ , we are* ^^g^^ i ye are. ^#»i' > they are. 

Imperfect. 

^ybc > thou wast, i^yp , he was. 
^ylfi' » they were. 

3 



SU BJUNCTIVE 

Fiittire. 

^.rn^g^y he be, it may be, it would be. 
^.nt^glr^y they be, they may be. 

INFINITIVE 

^\^nij to be, to exist. 

PARTICIPLE 

Present. 

^^n/nqj beillg. 

The deficiencies of this verb are supplied 
by the means of ihe other substantive verbs. 

The word j^f^V is used sometimes as a sub- 
stantive verb, ds^ili^ fuTiujp^ I have no Ims- 
handj, or I am without a Imshand^ or I am 
not married. n^ulnui^pLUiuu ilig , he has ne- 
ver learned. 



Substantive verb |,^t«^'»»t***» I am made or 
done. 

INDICATIVE 

Present. 

\-qiuultiPy 1 am made. Irqu/ultu^ thou art 

made. Irqufufji^ he is made. 
\;qufhlttQty we are made. Irqufh[ip^y ye are 

made, L-qufu[fuy Ihcy arc made. 



I 



03 

Imperfect. 

XjquA^p , I was made. t-quA^^p , thou wast 

made. lrqufulf(ty he was made. 
}jquiul^uMg y we were made. Irquful^li^ y ye 

were made. Irquful^lfu , they were made. 

Per/ecf. 

\3tlk or Irqiiuj y I have been. Iniypy thou 

hast been. yqLy he has been. 
}3quj^y or Irqh^uj^y we have been. Irqkp^y or 

trqu^^y ye have been. A-i^^fi, they have 

been. 

Future. 

\jqkg > I shall be. trqt'gh > thou shalt be. 
t^qbgh he shall be. 

IMPERATIVE 

Vresent. 

IPli lrqiiAl,[t y be thou not. Irq/i^li y let him be. 
jjqtpiiL^ y be ye. #^/ Irqufufig, y be ye not. 
trq^glj'u y let them be. 

SUBJUNCTIVE 

The present is formed like that of the In- 
dicative. 

Future. 

\)qfigpiPoT t-quAftg/uPy I shall be made, t-qp^ 
gliu y thou shalt be made. Irqf^^lf , he shall 
be made. 



hql's/f'"^ or trqu/ul^gltJ^y wc shall be made. 
^nt^b^ , ye shall be made, i^qb^lfu , they 
shall be made. 

INFINITIVE 

Xi/jufiil^U to be, to be made, to be done. 

PARTICIPLE 

Vast. 
\jqt^uji^ been, made, done, having been. 
Future. 

}jquiUlring OF trqiuulri^ , whlch IS tO bC. 



Substantive verb | ^f^tj/, I am^, I am made. 
or done. 



INDICATIVE 

Present. 



\Jfu[Eiry I am.ifihliuy thou art. ^A^, he is. 
XJft^t^y we are. ilfu[ig , ye are. fAV'^» 
they are. 

Imperfect. 

Xjfukb^ I was. ilful^l^p, thou wast. ^kp\ 

he was. 
\[^kiHp^ , we w ere. ilfukt^ > ye were. /A^4^^J 

^^ , they were. 



\ 



m 
Future. 

IJig^iT^ I shall be. [fig^u , thou shall be. ifigl^ > 

he shall be. 
XJignc^ , ^e shall be. /Aj^ or ib2t^ > ye shall 

be. ^5^^ J they shall be. 

IMPERATIVE 

Fresent. 

li^^,be thou. Jli i^tv^ ^e "^^^ ^^^*- itab' 

let him be. 
1//^ , or fh-pni-^ , be ye. #^' ^^^^ > be ye not. 

ibgt'^^ let them be. 

Yuiure. 

l/M* ^^ iJ^bMc ei' z/'iyA'''> be thou, ibgt^ 

let him be. 
IJignL.^ , let us be. ^^^^ or ifi't2h^ > be ye. 

ibglj'i* f let them be. 

SUBJUNCTIVE 

Present is like that of the Indicative. 
Future. 

XJf^tab"^^ I be or may be. i^tdt^ > thou be. 

s^bab > he be. 
Ajn^bab'^^ ^e be. dfi^bgb^y ye be. ±^gb'^y 

they be. 

I.NFINITIVE 



rAKTICirLE 

Present. 
IJihnqj being. 

Past. 
\lruiij)v ifit^uM^j been, having been. 

Future. 
Aj'^^Uia or i^^ib > which is to be. 

FIEST CONJUGATION 

Active (^ -•f ^tL» T'o mom. 

INDICATIVE 

Present. 

XiuipJ^trtT^ I move. ^pJ-lrui thou movest. 

Z^p^k^ he moves. 
X;iupJ^lrJ^y we move. ^uip^H^^ ye move. 

lUMft^l/u f they move. 

Imperfect. 

X;ujpJ^k/'y I moved or was moving, ^f'^/i^ 
^4^/» > thou movedst or wast moving. ^^//^^ 
cA^^f'j he moved or was moving. 

^ii/^cf 4^#/i^ , i^e moved or were moving. 
^iupcf^f^y , ye moved or w ere moving, ^f^^^ 
cA4^/'^, Ihey moved or were moving. 



i 



G7 
Perfect. 

^iupcflrgP , I moved. ^[/J^t-gk-p , thou mo- 
\ edst. luMfiJ^lriug y he moved. 

^lupdlrgiu^ , we moved, zt^pd^trglie. > ye mov- 
ed. luiftd^lrglfiM , they moved. 

As we have remarked above, the Preter- 
perfect, and Preter-p!u-perfect are not pro- 
perly formed in the Armenian language, be- 
cause when the necessity occurs, they are 
accustomed to join the participle to the other 
tenses of the verb substantive. 

¥u\ure. 

Xiiupd^lrgltg > I shall mOVC. luipJ^lruglru , thoU 

shalt move. 2f^/icf ^«#54- > he shall move. 
^tupJlrugni.py we shall move, itupj^tu^k^y 
ye shall move. 2iup^lrughr% they shall 
move. 

IMPERATIVE 

Vresenl. 

^uip^lruiy move thou. Jli lutpj^trp^ move 
thou not. iiupJ^lrugl^ , let him move. 

^iupcHrgl^^ , move ye. Jli ^uip^k^ , move ye 
not. ^pJ^lruglr^ y let them move. 

The negative particle Jliy not^ is also 
placed with the third person of the present, 
and before all the persons of the future in 
every conjugation. 



68 

Future. 

Xiuj[iJ^lru2[^ii or ^pd^lruijL-u , niovG Ihou. ^c^ 
^lruifl~y let hhn move. 

^iupd/rujnL^y let us move. ^UMp^lru^^^^ 

move ye. 2^p^lrutjU'ii , let Ihem move. 

SUBJUNCTIVE 

The present is like that of the Indicative. 
Yulme. 

J^tupJ^ltglnPy I move, I may, might, could, 
should, would move. 2l"C'^b3^"^ ^^^ 
move, efc. ^p^l^gh > he move, ef c. 

^lupJ^liglrJ^y ^e move, etc. i^i^J^ttghp^y ye 
move, etc. 2^p^liglru , they move, etc. 

The future of the indicative, of the impe- 
rative, and of the subjunctive from their af- 
finity are adopted by turns in all the four 
conjugations. 

INFINITIVE 

XiujpJ^Irfj to move. 

PARTICIPLE 

Vresent. 
X;ujliJ^nqj)v liisftd^L-ijnriy uioviug, w ho moves. 

Vast. 
XiujfiJ^L-uJi^oviiupJ^lrijIruJi^ luiviug uiovcd. 



69 

Future. 
"^lupJ^lring y whlcli has to move. 

All the verbs active and neuter-active, 
which in the first person of the perfect end 

in fr^}^ or m^}.y are thus conjugated; and also 
the verbs Transitive ending in ^^^}:. 

Passive (^ ^^t^K'^ "^^ ^^ moved. 

The Passive of the first conjugation is 
formed by changing the t in the last syllable 
of the Active into f; the ^^ into ^^y, the f'^ 
into «•;*; : besides a few other variations. 

INDICATIVE 

Vresent. 

'^uMpJ^ltiPy I am moved, luipd-ltuy thou art 

moved, luipd^ft , he is moved. 
Ti^C^t'^i^Q are moved, ^f^/^c/^^ , ye are 

moved, ^iup^lfu , they are moved. 

Imperfect. 

j;iuiiJ^^^y I was moved, ^f^^cf^^^^, thou 
wast moved. 25^^^4^f or ^fi/^c^^iL^ , he was 
moved. 

^lupcH^iug^ y we were moved. luipJ^t^fip , ye 
were moved. ^iuft^l^^% , they were moved. 



70 

Verfect. 

XfUjpJ^lrgujj ^ I have been moved. ^^cHr^ 

5«i//f, thou hast been moved. ^i^pd^lrgiuL. y 

he has been moved. 
XiiupJ^trguj^ y we have been moved. 2^p^lr^ 

guj/^y ye have been moved. ^pJ^lrgufuy 

they have been moved. 

Future. 

^lup^lrgiujg , I shall be moved, ^p^h-ugfiu , 
thou shall be moved. ^itdlrug[i , he shall 
be moved. 

X;ui[icHrujnL^y we shall be moved. ^^J^p^ 
2Jip > ye shall bo moved* ^p^lruglfu , they 

shall be moved. 

IMPERATIVE 

VreBent. 

X;iupiHruig or ^^p^lrglipy bc thou moved. 

1^/ liuftJ^l^p , be thou not moved. ^^^ft^Hru^ 

gtjy let him be moved. 
^uMftJ^lrguMpAL.^ , be ye moved. /^/' z^p^b^ i 

be ye not moved. ^^</^«/j^^, let them be 

moved. 

Yuiuve. 

X;iupJ^lru2lip or liupc^li^l^p y be thou moved. 

^iipJ^lrugii y let him be moved. 
XiuipJ^lrui/nL^ y let us bc uiovcd. z^p^l^^^ » 

be ye moved. ^pJ^lruylB'u y let Ihem be 

moved. 



71 

SUBJUNCTIVE 

Present is like that of the Indicative. 

Future. 

X;iupJ^/igpj] I shall be moved, zi^p^tab"^ 

thou shall be moved, zi^p^tdb > ^^ shall 

be moved. 
'^uMp^ltijltJ^, we shall be moved, ^iiyc/^^ 

^^> ye shall be moved. ^pJ^liglfu Ahey 

shall be moved. 

INFINITIVE 

^li/^cf^^or ijupJ^lru to be moved. 

PARTICIPLE 

Vast. 

X;ui[iiHriu[^ or luiftd^lrglruMi^ moved, being 
moved. 

Future. 

'^iupJ-lring or ^jf^pi^lri^ ^ which is to be 
moved. 

In this manner many Neuter-passive and 
Common verbs are conjugated. 



72 

SECOND CONJUGATION 

Active I — .^».; , To umsh. 

INDICATIVE 

Present. 

XnLu/uiuiTy I wash. ini.u/uiuuy thou washest. 

in^iuUiuj y he washeth. 
\nL.u/ijujJ^ , we w ash. ini_iuuujj^ , ye wash. 

inuufuufuy Ihey wash. 

Imperfect 

InLuAiyfiy I washed or was washing, [ni-uj^ 

^lujlipy thou washedst or wast washing. 

Iini^iuiiiujp y he washed or was washing. 
l^i_/ii^fiy£/^ , we washed or were washing. 

^i_/i/^#^^^, ye washed or were washing. 

inLufuujjin, , they washed or w ere w ashing. 

Perfect. 

\nLiijg[ty I washed, inumglrpy thou washedst. 

^ii_a/^ , he w ashed. 
\nL.iuguip^ y we washed, ini^iu^fig , ye w ashed. 

inL.ujij[fuy they washed. 

Fi/fi/re. 

\nt.iuijffg y 1 shall wash, ini-ujutjlru y thou shall 

w ash. ipuiuutjl^ y lie shall wash. 
|/i£_#iyi/yr»iL^ , w c shall wash. ini.uiu2hp^% ye 

shall ^^ ash. /NTiiLrx/i/^t^ , they shall wash. 



/.J 

IMPERATIVE 

Present and Future. 



InLUi , inLinu^lip 9 OV ini.ujuglru , WBsh thoU. li^' 

[nL.ufbujity wash thou not, inL.iuugl~^ let 
him wash. 

\nL.uJugnL^y let us wash, inL-uigl-^^ 01* [ni^guu^ 

llig y wash ye. ini-uiugWu , let them wash. 

SUBJUNCTIVE 

Future. 

lnL.uAuj/gt-J] I wash, may wash, might wash, 
I could, should, would wash, inuufuiuj^lru ^ 
thou wash, ete, inL.ufuujjgI^ y he wash, etc. 

\nLUj%uJjg!riIg_ , We Wash. inuufuujjgk^ , ye 

wash. [ncuAiyglris ^ they wash. 

INFINITIVE 

\nL.u/uuj^ to wash. 

PARTICIPLE 

Present. 
Incuignqj washing, who washes. 

Past. 
Xnuiuglruji^y having washed- 

Future. 
\ni.uMUuMing , who has to wash. 

Thus also are conjugated the verbs, 
which in the first person of the Perfect ter- 
minate in ^^^ ♦ 



74 



Passive | ^^.^.^tj,^, To he washed 

INDICATIVE 

Present. 

\ni.ufu[tiPy I am washed, inuufuliu^ thou art 

washed, ini^ufuli , he is washed. 
\ni.uful,Jg^^ we are washed. inL.ufij[i^^ ye are 

washed, ^^.oi^/ii , they are washed. 

Verfect. 

\ni^tugtyy I havc been washed. inL.ujgtupy 

thou hast been washed. [ni^uj^iUL , he has 

been washed. 
\nL.iuguj^ , we have been washed, ini-iugujj^ , 

ye have been washed. inuujjjuMU , they have 

been washed. 

Future. 

\ni.iujujjgy I shall be washed, int-iuugftuy 

thou shalt be washed. ipi^uMugft , he shall 

be washed. 
\nL.uMugnL^ , we shall be washed. int.iuu^^ , 

ye shall be washed, ini^iuuglfu ^ they shall 

be washed. 

IMPERATIVE 

Present and Future. 

\ni.iuf [ni-usgliii OV inL.uJu2l}[iy bo ihOU Washcd. 

inL^iuuijli ^ let him be washed. 



75 
\ni.uiugni.^y let US be washed, im^tuu^l^y be 
ye washed. [nL.iuuglJ'u , let them be washed. 



SUBJUNCTIVE 



\nL.ujhujjg[iJ\ I may be washed. ini.ujuujjg[iu ^ 

thou may est be washed, ini^ufuiygl, y he 

may be washed. 
Xni^iuiMiygltif^ , we may be washed. ini^ufLujj^ 

gt^ > ye may be washed. inuuAujjglfu , they 

may be washed. 

INFINITIVE 

\ni.u/uliu to be washed. 

PARTICIPLE 

Vast. 

\ni.ujglriui2 ^'^shed. 

Future. 
]nL.ujiujiPy which is to be washed. 

The Passives of the second conjugation 
are not so harmonious to the ear, wnence 
they are sometimes formed by means of the 
verbs substantive, or the actives are adopted 
with a passive sense. 



70 

THIRD CONJUGATION 

Active ^ti'^-L' "^^ V^^^^ ^^^*- 

INDICATIVE 

V resent. 

l^lrqni^iP^ I pOUF OUt. <^IrqnLU ^ thoU pOUrCSt 
out. <ilrqnL.y llG pOUI'S OUt. 

l^lriinuifg, ^ve pour out. <^trqnL-^y yc pouF 

out. <iirqnL.%y tllGy pOUF OUt. 

Imperfect. 

^iriini./i , I poured out or was pouring out. 
<^lrqnL^[,li y tliou pour'dst out or \sast pou- 
ring out. "^trqifjpy he poured out or was 
pouring out. 

Z^lrqni.iu^ , WO poured out or were pouring 
out.^i^ijfn/L^^ , ye poured out or were pour- 
ing out. <;iriinL^lfuy they poured out or 
were pouring out. 

Perfect. 
^trqfFy I poured out. <ilrqh^[ty Hiou pour'dst 

out. tr<^lrijJ)Y <ilrqj llO pOUrcd OUt. 

Zt^qujp^, we poured out. s'^^zA^j ye poured 
out. "^trrij^uy they poured out. 

¥utiire. 

Ifrrilij , I shall pour out. <^Iib^u > f hou shalt 
pour out. <ilrfiyl, J he shall pour out. 



77 

^Irq3"^^y we shall pour out. ^A-^^» ye 
shall pour out. ^^Irqglru , they shall pour 
out. 

IMPERATIVE 

Present and Future 
tt^qj ^^q_^'C > ^^ "y^qs^" > do thou pour out. 

Jli<ilrrini.py do tllOU IlOt pOUr out. <ilril3kr^ 

let him pour out. 

^IrqgAu^ , let US pOUr out. "ytrqkf^ y Or ^Irq^ 

2^f^ y do ye pour out. #^' <ik^qnL.^ , do ye not 
pour out. <^lrqs^^ y let them pour out. 

SUBJUNCTIVE 

Future. 

l^t-qni-gnLiPy I pour out, I may, might, could, 
should, would pour out. <^lrqn,.gnL.u ^ thou 
pour out, ete. <ilrqnL.gnL.^ ho pour out, etc. 

^qnL.gnL.Jp_ , WO pOUr OUt, ef C. <^lrqni.gnL^ , 

|p^' ye pour out. ^^trqnLgniHj , they pour out. 

INFINITIVE 
^h-qni-u^ to pour out. 

PARTICIPLE 

Present. 
SL ^t-ijnrjj pouring out. 

^ Vast. 

ilrqh^uju having poured out. 



78 

Future. 
K^IIPS > ^^^ h^s to pour out. 

In this manner also are conjugated the 
verbs ^vhich in the first person of the 
Perfect terminate in .••; or t*^;* 

Passive >ti»^i»f j., To be poured out. 

INDICATIVE 

Present. 

Z^lrqu/uliiry I am poured out. ^^t-quA^uy thou 
art poured out. <^tquAliy\\e is poured out. 

^t-quA/tJ^y w^e are poured out. <^lrquA/i^y 
ye are poured out. <^trqiu%lA , they are 
poured out 

Perfect. 

^Irquj/f I have been poured out. <^lrquj£if 

thou hast been poured out. <^lrquiL.y he 

has been poured out. 
tfrquMp^ , we have been poured out. "^^q^^ > 

ye have been poured out. ^^iTixi^i they 

have been poured out. 

Yulure. 

tf^q^ljg^ I shall be poured out. "^trqat^^ 

thou shall be poured out. ^^irqaf^ > he shall 

be poured out. 
^Irq^nu^y^Q^ shall bc pourcd out. "^t^q^i^f 

ye shall be poured out. "^Irqslfisy Ihey 

shall be poured out. 



79 

IMPERATIVE 

Ifrqiift or <^t-qsf^u , be thou poured oute 

"^^13^ > l^t him be poured out. 
i^qujpiit.^ or '^l^q^.g > be ye poured out 

<^lrqs^% , let theui be poured out. 

INFINITIVE 

Zj^q^isPu to be poured oute 

PARTICIPLE 

Past 
^Irqt^mu poured out. 

Future. 
If^lib ♦ which is to be poured out. 

The deficiencies of the third conjugation 
passive are supplied from it's active. 

FOURTH CONJUGATION 

Common verb (|*.«#»«*u(r^, To learn. 

INDICATIVE 

Fresent 

{\i-^ufisltiP,l\^diVx\. nLuufuftu^ thou learnest. 

nuauftilM , he learns. 
\\i.uufulMjg_^ we learnc m^uufufi^y ye learn. 

nLuufblfu , they learn. 



80 

Imperfect. 

[\L.uu/uk[M , I learned or was learning, nuuiu^ 

^kti^y tl^ou learnedst or wast learning. 

nuuiuukp y he learned or was learning. 
(\i.uuihl^uj^ y we learned or were learning. 

ni.uuA^lipy ye learned or were learning. 

nuuiuuklfi' 9 they learned or were learning. 

Perfect. 

{\i-uiyy I have learned, nt^uuip, thou hast 
learned. m^uuMuy he has learned. 

n«-i//ii^» we have learned. /»iLi/uy^ , ye have 
learned, n^uufu , they have learned. 

Future. 

[[Luiygy I shall learn, m^u^^uy thou shall 

learn, m^u^py he shall learn. 
fli_i/^#i^^, we shall learn, n^u^hpy ye shall 

learn. nL.mjlfuy they shall learn. 

IMPERATIVE 

Present. 

{{t^ulipy learn thou. JUi nL.uiuultfty learn thou 

not. ni.ug[l y let him learn. 
{\i.uuMpni-^ y do ye learn. Jli ni_uufiili^ , do ye 

not learn, m.ugfi'uy let them learn. 

Future. 

{\i-u2^[lyOX nL.Uufu[^^[l y \(i'i\V\\ \\\0\\. nL.U^[i y 

let him learn. 



81 

fl£_i/^/#£,p , let us learn, nm^^ or nt^uufult^hg^ > 
do ye learn. ni.ug[l^y let them learn. 

SUBJUNCTIVE 

The Present is like that of the Indicative. 

Future. 

^L,uufu[ig[tiry I learn, may, might, could^ 
should, would learn. m-uu/Llrgliu y thou 
learn, etc. ni^uuful,g[M y he learn, etc. 

[{i.uu/u[ig[ii/f^ y we learn. ni.uufulig[ig , ye learn. 
nuauiufiglfu , they learn. 

INFINITIVE 

{{L.uufufii2 or m-uuMiilri^ to Icam. 

PARTICIPLE 

Yresent. 
{\i.uu/iinqj learning, who learns. 

Past. 
f\i,ulriuu having learned. 

Future. ' 
({cuiu^ting or nLuufuL'ili y wlio |>as to learn. 

Thus are also conjugated the comoion 
verbs which in the first person of the Per- 
fect terminate in ^^y 

They are at the same time active and 
passive. 



82 
ConjiKjations of the Irrecjular verbs. 

ACTIVE 

INDICATIVE 

Present. 

UnSjlriTj I make, tuni^tu , Ihou makest. o/n-^ 

^4^, he makes. 
IJ/iJi^Zrii^ , we make. ii//i5#4^,ye make. «i//i-w 

^^i > ihey make. 

Perfect. 

W^iupl' , I have made, lupiuplrft , Ihou hast 
made, uiputp , he has made. 

INFINITIVE 

^n^lriy to make, to do. 

PARTICIPLE 

Present. 
\S^^pnqj^x uinisntjj making, who makes. 

Past. 
W^iuplnu^ having made, making. 

Future. 
WiifuL-inij , who has to make. 



83 



PASSIVE 

INDICATIVE 

Present. 

X^nSifiJ] I am made. u^nSi^u , thou art made. 

ujiL^fi , he is made. 
Il#i5#^i^ , we are made. mnSip^ , ye are made. 

uin^ffu f they are made. 

Perfect. 

W^iupiuj , I have been made, luptuptup , thou 

hast been made. tupuMpiui. , he has been 

made. 
yS^iupuig, , we have been made, iupiupty^ , ye 

have been made, iupiupuiu^ they have 

been made. 

INFINITIVE 

U/l5#^£j to be made. 

PAETICIPLE 

Past. 
XS^pguph-iui^ ( not iupiuplrjlrtui_^ made. 

Future. 
\}ttSslriP or iunSilring , which is to be made. 



84 

ACTIVE 

INDICATIVE 

Present. 

^AtrJ\ I put. ii-Oru , ihoU putst. if^t. hc putS. 

q^t,^, ^e put 7-^4^, ye put. i^^A-^ci, they 
put. 

Perfect^ 

b^^ f I have put. i^7^^/» or A-iy-t^ » thou hast. 

put. Irq. , he has put. 
Xjif^uif^ , ^^ e have put. ^t^/J^ > ye have put. 

irif.li% , they have put. 

INFINITIVE 

^i^U to put, to place. 

PARTICIPLE 

Present. 

^'Unqj putting. 

Past. 
Xjij^lriuiji having put. 

Future. 
%*ulring , who has to put. 

PASSIVE 

INDICATIVE 

Present. 

^A^iT, I am put. i^ltu f thou art put. y^V' > 
he is put. 



85 

%%ltifg , we are put. ^[ig^ ye are put. iyi/5# , 
they are put. 

Perfect. 

\jq-ujj y I have been put. it-^fx/^ , thou hast 
been put. t-q-uiL. , he has been put. 

been put. trii^uAy they have been put. 

INFINITIVE 

%^/^U to be put 

PARTICIPLE 

Past. 

Ifff-t-uiu ( not if-plrglruji^ put. 

Fufwre. 
q.^^^^ or q-^ting , whlch is to be put. 

ACTIVE 

INDICATIVE 

Present. 

\uL-J] I hear, [uiru , thou hearest. lu^ , he 

hears. 
\utii^ , we hear. ^4^ , ye hear, luirii , they 

hear. 

Perfect. 

\nL.iu/ , I heard. ^i.«i/^ > thou heard. ^#ca/jL , 
he heard. 



86 

\nLUjgf yse heard. isj'^tyLgt ye heard. [nL^u/uy 
Ihey heard. 

INFINITIVE 

\ulru to hear. 

PARTICIPLE 

Vresent. 
\unqj hearing, who hears. 
fast. 
lr»£.£-a/^, having heared, hearing. 

Future. 
Xub^fngy who has to hear. 

PASSIVE 

INDICATIVE 

Vresent. 

\u[iiPy I am heard. ^^«/, thou art heard. ^^, 

he or it is heard. 
X^t'^ > ^^ ^^^ heard. ^^^ , ye are heard. 

lulfii , they are heard. 

Perfect. 

Is formed l)y means of the Substantive 
verb, as, 

\ni^lru£ty lutrt/r ) ["^P OV /fit. Irn^ ^ 1 liaVe 

been heard. inL.lriuiJrijlrp , thou hast been 
heard. inL.L'uJiJrqL , he has been heard. 



87 

\nLErujlj la^lt > IH'^C ^^ UV- ^imf-P^ > ^^ have 
been heard. ini.lriui^lrqkg > ye have been 
heard. inL.lriuiJrriyu , they have been heard. 

INFINITIVE 

\;tu. to ^^ heard. 

PAKTICIPLE 

Vast. 
\nL.lruMi^ heard. 

Future. 
l^t-fP , which is to be heard. 
This verb is also regular. 

ACTIVE 

INDICATIVE 

Present. 

^uAmum^iT^ I know. iCufiiiu^u^ thou know- 

est. iCiifiiuM^ y he knows. 
^uAuj^Jg^ , we know. 'TCufuiu^^ , ye know. 

'^ufuiu^'u y they know. 

Perfect. 

\yuAlrtyyl have known. &ufulriuity thou hast 
known. inuulrutL. , he has known. 

y^uiulrujg,y we have known. h^ufLihuij^y ye 
have known, buSukuiuy they have knovn. 



88 

IMPERATIVE 

^iifuiu^U to kno^ . 

PARTICIPLE 

Fresent. 
^iniMUj^qj knowing, \vho knows. 

Vast. 
^Qiuunu^lruii2 havIng known. 

Yutiire. 
^ufiiiu^ing , who has to know. 

PASSIVE 

INDICATIVE 

Vresent. 

^luuiu^iPy I am known. iCufiMiu^uy thou art 

known, '^ufuiu^^ he is known. 
i^ufuiu^J^y we are known. iCufiMui^^s ye 

are known. 2rli/ia/^i , they are known. 

Perfect. 

IffujhnLgtriui^lrq^yl havo hccn known. &^ui^ 

'uni.ijlriuijrqjr^i , thou hast hccn known. 

&u/unL^illrujiJrqL y hc hos bccn known. 
^{)fufuni.tjlriuijrqnj{i , ^> c havc bccn knowH. 

^ufunLjIriuiJrqy^y )C havo hccn known. 

^ufuuL^ijlruiiJrqffu , they havo been known. 



89 

INFINITIVE 

^uhiiu^l^ to be known. 

PARTICIPLE 

\fu/unLg!ruii2 known. 

This verb is also regular. 

NEUTER 

INDICATIVE 

Fresent. 

\ylrquibj^iPy I sin. Jh-qufLi^u^ thou sinncst. 

JhiiuMU^ , he sins. 
ij^lrqiuu^J^ , we sin. ifkqufuj^^^ yc sin. iflr^ 

quiii^'uy they sin. 

Perfect. 

JJt-quj/y I have sinned. i/irqui[tf thou hast 

sinned, i/i-qiui^fhe has sinned. 
\yirqujp , we have sinned. »f^qj^^ $ ye have 

sinned, tnrqufu , they have sinned* 

INFINITIVE 

l^lrqufii^l, to sin. 

PARTICIPLE 

Vresent. 
\ylrqu/uinqj siuuiug > who sins. 



90 

Past. 
\ylrqni_gtiuu haviog sinned. 

Future. 

\ytrquiiu^ing , who hdS tO sIh. 

This verb is also regular. 

NEUTER 

INDICATIVE 

Present. 

Qiii/i5iA-#/; I rise, juinfulru , thou risest. juin.^ 

%k f he rises. 
QtunAtri/^ , we rise. jmnfiMlf^ , ye rise, j^in,^ 

^t% , they rise. 

Perfect. 

Qtupiruj/ , I have been risen, I rose, juj^ 

pirujp y thou hast been risen. jiuplnuL. , he 

has been risen. 
^iuplrui^y we have been risen, j^pf^iy^y 

ye have been risen, jiuphufu , they have 

been risen. 

IMPERATIVE 

U^A* rise thou, i^i jiunfulrp, rise thou not. 
U^/4^ > rise ye. iQi junuul^ , rise ye not. 

INFINITIVE 

(jfii/Lit^, to rise, to get up. 



91 

PARTICIPLE 

Past. 
QutpnL.glruii2 risGii, haviog been risen. 

Future. 
QtufLSitingy who is to rise. 

ACTIVE 

INDICATIVE 

Present. 

^iuJ) I give, uiiuuy thou givest. imyy he 
gives. 

t S*^*^ > ^^ give, iifiy^ 9 ye give, utu/ii , they 
give. 

Perfect. 

\jwnL. , I have given. IminLp , thou hast given. 

t-uty he has given. 
S/i£.i/i^, we have given. 4-x#f/i£^, ye have 

given, t-mni,^ , they have given. 

INFINITIVE 

S*i/^f to give. 

PARTICIPLE 

Present. 
^nunqj giving^ who gives. 
Past. 
8/fi.frii//j having given. 



9a 

Future. 
$uji^3 } who has to give. 

PASSIVE 

INDICATIVE 

Present. 

$ni.lruJi^l^^liJ] I am given. inni.t-uji^^%pu ^ 

thou art given. uini.lruii^i[fu[i , he is given. 
^nLlriui^l[fu[tJp^ , we are given. uini.[ruM^ij^^ 
'^te^y ye are given, mni^lnui^itfulfu ^ they 
are given. 

Perfect. 

^nt.iyy I have been given, mnuiup^ thou hast 
been given. mnL.uMi^^ he has been given. 

S#i£.fi^, we have been given, mnuusj^y ye 
have been given, mncufu, they have been 
given. 

INFINITIVE 
^nL.lriU[_llfulri2 tO be givOU. 

PARTICIPLE 

Past. 
^nL.lruju given. 

Future, 
^luij, , which is to be given. 



93 
NEUTER 

INDICATIVE 

Present. 

^iijt/) I come. ^«//*/ > thou comest. ^ly y he 

Cometh. 
^ii/i^, we come, t^-^^ Y^ come, ^mir, 

they come. 

Perfect 

hih I ^^as come, ^^^/^j thou wast come. 

Irl^'hy he ^^as come. 
b^*/^ , we were come. ^^^> ye were come. 

t-^P^j they were come. 

I>TFINITIVE 

^^ii^U to come. 

PARTICIPLE 

b^tui^, come, being come. 
Future. 
^ujing y who is to come. 

ACTIVE 

INDICATIVE 

Present. 

Wt^uitnPy I eat, nuinh-uy thoU CatCst. nuwlfy 

he eats. 



94 
{\i-tfilriJ^f we eat. nL.tnl^py ye cat. m^mt^f 
Ihey eat. 

Perfect 

l|t^^ or ^t-piy y I have eaten. Iilrplrft , or 4^. 

puMft , thou hast eaten. Irliirp , or ^Irpuiu , 

he has eaten. 
\\lrpui^y we have eaten, k^p^^y or lilrpfig.% 

ye have eaten, lilrplfu or lihrpu/ii^ they 

have eaten. 

INFINITIVE 

n«.ini6-^, to eat. 

PARTICIPLE 

Present. 
I|t^/»i2j ^^tiDgj "^ho eats. 



li^Yftfi/^, eating; having eaten. 

Future. 
{[i.uilringy who has to eat. 

PASSIVE 

INDICATIVE 

Present. 

tii^wliiPy I am eaten. ni.ui/>u , thou art eaten. 

ni^tn^ t he is eaten. 
Hi-'/'^^ , we are eaten. f»i.in/#^ , ye are eaten. 

nLUj/i^ , they are eaten. 



95 
Perfect. 

X^trittruji^lrqk^ y I hR\e been eaten. {Irplruii^ 

t-qlrp y thou hast been eaten. ^t^pk-uji^trqL, 

he has been eaten. 
\\lr[tlriij[_lrquigy wc havc been eaten, ^t-^ 

plruMiJrqkg } j^ hsiXB been eaten. ^Irpt-mi^ 

tqt^f they have been eaten. 

INFINITIVE 

(\i-infii2 to be eaten. 

PARTICIPLE 

Past 
\\lrplrus^ eaten. 

Future. 
{[lui^i^ or ^t-pibi which is to be eaten. 

ACTIVE 

INDICATIVE 

Present. 
f^trJ] I drink, [ultiilru , thou drinkest. juf^ 

uihy he drinks. 
^Jlnlrif^y we drink. ^«Al/4^, ye drink. ^«^ 

fculI^u , they drink. 
Perfect. 

^pe^t > I drank, utpp^lrp , thou drankest. uspp. 

or k^ppy he drank. 
ys^ppui^y we drank. uMppf^^y ye drank. «//f^ 

^^i I they drank. 



\ 

96 

INFINITIVE 

{^iilru to drink. 

PARTICIPLE 

[^inq^ drinking, who drinks. 

Vast. 

{^Jhilruji^ or W^iip.lriui_2 drunk or drunken ; 
" having drunk. 

Future. 
{^JTiilring , who is to drluL 

The passive is formed with a Substantive 
verb. 



COMMON 

INDICATIVE 

Present 

{[i^^ltiPy I take, nifitltuy thou takest. mfLf,, 

he takes. 
{[iful^Jg^y we take, nifufip^y ye take, mhslfuy 

they take. 

Perfect, 

\\iuiujjy I have taken, lnuiiupy thou hast 

taken. l^iuituL^y he has taken. 
\\ujiiu^y we have taken, 'i^i^e^yy^ h^ive 

taken, liiu^fu, they have taken. 



1 



97 

INFINITIVE 

i\L.i,iru to take, to have. 

PARTICIPLE 

Present. 
Ot-^nqj taking, having, who has. 

Past. 
li«/^f//^, taken, had; taking, having. 

Future. 

(iifijirifi or nHufringj who has to tako or to 
have. 

NEUTER 

INDICATIVE 

Present. 

}jp[J^iuJ) I go. IriiP^iuu , thou gOest. Irpl^ujj , 

he goes. 

\jli[3^iuJg , we go, lr(t[3^uj^ , ye go. IrpP^u/u , 

they go. 

Perfect. 

Hn^ujji oviiiif-ujfy I went or I am gone. ^^ 
^ii^/f, thou wentest or art gone, ^.^tuuy 
he went or is gone. 

^npmp^ y we went, etc. in^iy^ > ye went. ^^ 
^uA y they went or they are gone. 

G 



98 

I N F 1 N I T I ^• E 

Xji^Puju to go. 

PARTICIPLE 

Present. 
hcP^^qj going, vho goes. 
Past. 
Ifpl^iruju gone ; going. 

Future. 

}jpP^iuing or trpP-uJilt , wllO Is tO gO. 

# 

VERBS IMPERSONAL 

Those verbs are called Impersonal which 
are used only in the third person, as, 

WJinhy it begins to cloud. 

W^uipUl^y it rains. 

^oqkj it rains little. 

llrqyquMuil^y It comcs pouriug, it runs over. 

^[tiful^y it snows. 

^iun-ujii ujjP^I^ y it shines. 

WfUiULouil^ y it begins to be day-Hght. 

ITr/'^^' it blows very hard. 

^tujiiuu.iulik > it lightens. 

<H 1/1 i2r«i/^^t/»4 , il produces IVuit. 

y v?/i^ , it l)cllows, it roars. 

l|fi//^f//^/J4 , il howls, 

y.iuit-iu^K , it bellows, it roars. 



99 
W^j^ufiiujj y it clears up. 

Wn-iUi-omujijiy y it daWIlS. 

\)plrliyuM%uji , it darkens. 

%[,^liu/iiujj f it is become night. 

\nL.uuAiuj/y it brightens. 

\auMi.iu[tu/isujj y it grows dusky. 

t^piuiiiuj , it kindles. 

{^pnuiiuj , it thunders. 

U/'^ i it is reported, they say. 

\}pL-lty it appears, it seems. 

(d^#7i./p , it seems. 

\\uiph^lty 'tis believed, it is thought. 

lj//r, it is noised abroad. 

t^iuuufiik or <iuiuu/ul, , it happens, it falls out. 

a|£i/m£ii<>4') it happens. 

l^iuUij-liuilt , it happens. 

^^//i^ , it must, it behoves. 

^uMi\ ov guii-[ty it pains. 

Wi^k ky it becomes, it is fit. 

i^pj-ui'ii 4, it is convenient, it becomes. 

i^^'iiiuft 4- > it is impossible. 

Pfi/^i_//p 4- , it is good, it is well. 

]u//f/i/i 4- , it is hard. 

liuJiP^y or ^tiiil^ Irisy it is wished, it wills. 

t^iupli 4- > it must, it is necessary. 

XPuJpP^ k y it may be. 

Qiu/m 4^ , it is clear. 

^«i#i/j 4r ) it is enough, it sufficies. 

(^ui^lm 4 > it must. 

i|#xyi^^4^, it is fit, it is proper. 

<i|4^«/2^ t^y it must, it is necessary. 

Qp^^ 4r or o^4^^ t^y 'tis lawful, it allows. 



100 



^'jP^ 4 > it is cared for. 
Qi^nLui 4- > it is expedient. 
'\\ rj^Uui 4-, it is suitable, it is convenient, it 
becomes, it is fit. 



PREPOSITION 



A preposition is an indeclinable word or 
particle wbich placed before a noun changes 
either it's case, or it's signification. 

The prepositions which change the cases 
of nouns are called Formers of cases. 

The prepositions which change the mean- 
ing of nouns by governing their cases, are 
called Rulers of cases. 

Prepositions 'h:>^b : and ♦«**- '{» form the 
Dative and the Ablative. 

( ) /^ ; are placed before the vowels. 

[^*- forms the Dative. 

l\ forms the Dative. Before a consonant 
it is pronounced jj^, as, :ic-''^i* 

O forms the Accusative. Before a con- 
sonant it \sas formerly pronounced ^^j but 
at present it is pronounced fx* 

jH^ forms the Dative and the Abk\tive. 

According to the modern usage the Prepo- 
sitions forming the cases ; , ^ and ^ are writ- 
ten prefixed and joined to nouns, and the 
others detached from them. 



101 

A COLLECTION OF PREPOSITIONS 

\}n, , «i/L ^r , to J, imtOj, towards^ at: hj^ near^ 
nigh: for^ for the sake^ on account: on^ 
upon: under: against: amongst, govern 
the dative, the genitive, and the instru- 
mental cases. 

f^q- , ivith: hy: instead: for: under: hetiveen: 
to, unto , towards: on^ upon: amongst, go- 
verns the genitive, the dative, the abla- 
tive, and sometimes the instrumental. 

|\i£/7, according: for: out: without: after, go- 
verns the genitive, the dative, and the 
ablative. 

^J^li't or qt^pP^y as, like^ governs the accu- 
sative. 

]^fL[t , I'p^pli- or [np^pnt. , aS;, like, about, govern 
generally the accusative. 

^ui[ii^ or (^ii/ijgy without, out^ imless. go- 
verns the genitive. 

\\iuuUjfor, in order to, concernijig. governs 
the genitive. 

-poi^, than, much, governs the accusative. 

^j^p- see i^^f^t 

Ijr^^^or Jlfi^iL.tiU, untill, to, unto, governs 
the dative with a preposition. 

^m-^f^^^J, tvith, hij. governs the instru- 
mental. 

^^^[1 } over, above, upon, more, before, past. 
governs generally the accusative, and 
sometimes the dative* 

6* 



10-2 

^i\/,uy as, Uhe^ governs Ihe genitive and the 
dative. 

^.nt/ijuj^y as, like, governs the genitive and 
the dative. 

H''^'^) toivarch. governs tlie dative. 

\inju ov ^nq^j y toivtinls. go\ OHi tho dativc- 
wilh-preposition. 

^iuiiiy tUlj, untill, unto, governs the instru- 
mental. 

^'"-r^j 2l^i-c2i:^^^^kb > o.l^oiitj aroimd. govern 
the circumdative. 

^^liuiujp^u , uMpmiu^n/ , out. govem the geni- 
tive or the accusative ^ith i^m^. 

i^nfuuhM^ iftnfnuiUinliy insteaclj lubehalf. govern 
the genitive. 

X^[!gy or '^ "i^triignj y under, govern the ge- 
nitive. 

'Ji ijt^itujjy on^ upon, governs the genitive, 

*Ii i/t^^ty il^py or '[t 4tpy^ over, above, go- 
vern the dative, or the accusative with 

'|i J^2_ 0^ '^ 'Q'21' » ^^> intOy in the middle j 
witliinj between, amongst, govern the ge- 
nitive. 

']i i/li^^, from the middle, governs the ge- 
nitive. 

'|i J/rn.'is^ by. governs the genitive. 

i)opl/uyas, like, governs the genitive. 

y<^ti/i , <>A-///^ , ii^f/iifi y after, behind, govern 
the genitive. 

{\ujiiuji^u or iitffujif.iui. y for, for lite sake, be- 
cause of govern the genitive. 



103 

sake^ because^ of. govern the genitive. 

']i <^iuJiu[i , on account^ for. governs the ge- 
nitive. 

Wujliu or '[> uuiliu^ because of for^ on ac- 
count, govern the genitive. 

']\ ui^mu , for. governs the genitive. 

Quj^j/^ or i^^ ^la/i^^ on the right side, go- 
vern the genitive. 

iu<^lrlil^ , on the left side, govern the ge- 
nitive. 

Po/^ or ^uj/g y out J without , besides^ except. 
govern the ablative. 

^luuty aside, governs the ablative. 

^Irfi-P y far^ far off. governs the ablative. 

^.iu/iin y secretly, governs the ablative. 

(\iLpn/ij y apart^ aside, governs the ablative. 

-^uJi. , God forbid* governs the ablative. 

l^nt^m y ifirp^ y «/S/n, neary nigh, 61/. govern 
the dative. 

m>j y conjoint^ connected, ivith. governs the 
dative, 

^y^ y joints with, governs the dative. 

\JUuy like, governs the dative. 

^fi/^rfi/zLMi^r^, against, governs the dative. 

^niuiuftl/u y instead of governs the dative. 

i^n.ufuijy withoutj, outj besides^ unless, go- 
verns the genitive. 

\}n.uj^, in front J before, governs the genitive. 

(^ujiL-uj^^, before, from before, governs the 
genitive. 



(^"7//^ lUfLuj^j (Kjahist, governs the genitive. 

^^p^A-^or iun.[^p^lr[t y neaVj, nujh^ hij. go- 
vern the genitive nnd tlie dative. 

{^fj^il^t^iPy (Kjainst. governs the genitive and 
the dative. 

in front J against^ opposite, govern the ge- 
nitive and the dative. 

Qujhfflii/lu^ y before^ in front, governs the ge- 
nitive and the dative. 

WJIi^ jufuij-ltJuMU or jtyui jiuitrf.fiJhfiM y he fore J 
in fronty evidenthj^ publicly, govern the 
genitive and the dative. 

iplr^ni^uliy (ipartj, aside, governs the ablative. 

Quj/u^yuy on tills side, governs the genitive. 

Qijj/f^ liyu or jiufhlinju y on that side^ beyond^ 
behind, govern the genitive. 

Quin.ui2_^yu y forwards, governs the geni- 
tive. 

Qlrift liyu y back^ bachivard^ behind, governs 
the gejiitive. 

*li #/£r^ ^iy^> onward, governs Ihe genitive. 

'1^ ilijj/P h'U"^ doivnwardj, doivnwards. go- 
verns the genitive. 

^Ylfui il^["j ov ii^frp y* 'U^^i'y^ ahove, higher^ 
over than^ govern the dative and the al)hi- 
tive. 

{\[iuil~uy as. like, governs generally the ac- 
cusative. 

above, higher, over than, govern the accu- 
sative. 



105 

\^n,uji.hi_^iuu^ over^ above^ more than, go- 
verns the accusative. 

yir^^ ^uAf beyond^ further, governs the ac- 
cusative. 

3«ii/Lfi/^^m^ or 5ii£#/// ^uA f before^ first than. 
govern the accusative- 

IJ^/if/TOjj^/y ^iifis or lupuiiu^u ^ufiM , oxit than, 
govern the accusative. 

Qlrmn/ ^u/h j after than, governs the accu- 
sative. 
Some prepositions are rarely placed after 

the nouns. 



ADVERB 

An Adverb denotes the circumstances of a 
verb, or of an action. 

A COLLECTION OF ADVERBS 

present, actually, newly, recently. 
U^cfJ^if, already, hence, from this time. 

to-day, in this day. 

ijfx/ijr/^iL , to-morrow. 

\jlilrli or jlrplrifiM , ycsterday. 

}jrL.ufui^ or j!rn.ii/uq^,^ the day before yes- 
terday. 

{^rf. Irplrliu, \\\ ihc cveniug, towards the 



evening. 

I 



IOC) 



^bz!rcb' 'ibztc^ii^' ^^'vtbilrp^'^^ '^y flight, 



in the ni^ht, in the nidit time. 



i)Jl,2nj'^nL.[ifL y at noon-day. 
\\ujii^iu2j early, betimes. 
jj^j^HL^ or iyij.ni.gy ill the morning. 

\\iuq_nL^[ilrifli , ilujqnL. L-U , Y/ iliuqni_g , alrCardy. 

(j£iy£7£/^£-o74^ or ujjunL<^lrinL , henceforth , 

hencefor^s ard, hereafter. 
3/j^£y^^£-£/j4^ , since. 
{^Iruinjy ijl[ult y inuiiu y after, afterwards. 
^jp^trlfiM {)v JlrpP^y sometimes, now and then, 

from time to time. 
]i^^i^, IrpfL y jnp^iuiPy tljfuijy when, while, 

whilst. 

jujt.l^i^y jiui-l^uiy always, ever, conti- 
nually, every moment, evermore, for ever, 
eternally. 

%lrn^y q.lrn^ Lu y uiu£ljtUL.[fu y yet, Still. 

Xyfih^lrn-^ iufu Ifu^ when, while, whilst, as 

long as. 
IT/ilr^, till, untill. 
^Ly ^ Luy ilffh^y not , Hot yct , not 

as yet. 
^lyud^uMiPy then. 
{\,ijfuJujiry till then. 

W^ii^J-ittiliufu^ ^l^'lfl^ d-tuJiufu , ^infli ^bruigujii^ 1 r t h" 

with, very soon, in a moment, immediate- 
ly, incontinently, 

•^iuuljiunct^ liuiitjiunO-nt-Uin^ lirntuf^iunct y SU(i- 

d(^nl), on a sudden, all of a sudden, 
unawares, in an unexpected manner. 



107 

H^i/i^, lrpuitf.iuuii^u ^ iliyP^ i soon, as soon 
as, quickly, speedily, readily. 

^Iruinil^ 2tnuMuiiui^ , hastily, in haste. 

l^ni^uiy <^ni^ui[hiri.<^ni,uiy prescntly, shortly, 
by and by, forthwith. 

^wqtiL.y <^iuilfiL. [ilfiiy scarce, scarcely. 

\\ulinfL yftuli L [tuii , immediately, incontinent- 
ly, forthwith, instantly. 

W^iu^u/h y ufiMUMti^iJu nujilrifL y lato, unseason- 
ably. 

fli_^ ni^plrUby scarcely, rarely. 

by little and little, by degrees. 
\\uin or uMuuiiiMiMop , here. 
(j//i#ir4^, hence; here ; in this world. 
Wumlt y uiumnL.uui y hcncc, from hence, 
liji///, here. 

}\^jupl~iM, here, hitherward; by this way. 
U^j^^j thence, from thence. 
^JIC > uMjij-ufiMop y there. 

}]lpn. y iu^n.n y ufUq-u/Lon OV ufhuiiulMop y thOrO. 

^^1k^^ thence, there: forthwith. 

yw^, iuiMij.nuumy thence, therefrom. 

\^ij.umlfit y thence, from, since. 

Qftyi/ liyu y on this side. 

^uj/uliyu y on that side. 

W^fimiup^uy '[i rj.nt.puy oiit, abroad. 

'fi 'ulrp^u y 'utrfipy , wlthln, inwardly. 

^t-n-fiy '/r fiiugy ^[f puiglruj y far, afar, far 

ofl'. 
'|i p-ujgnL.uui y fi <^lrn-ujuuiu/ul^ y Irom afar , 

from a great distance. 



108 

lJ'oi/7, '[m J^mnj, near, nearly, at hand, 
closely. 

\]uin[iLy Y' umnpL.y^[i iliufpy hcloW, UndC!*, 

hereunder, beneath. 
'\i ilJrpy '[b il^p iuUij^py up, upon, above, 

hereupon. 
'|i illrpnL.uui, from above. 
{[i-py nupufuopy where. 
{{Lp ni-plrp , ^s here. 
{\L.uuilr^y from some place. 
^^iHruiufu ni.uuilrpy ft'oui cver) placcs. 

X^iun-uj^nj y jiun-iu^linL.ul^ y frOUl bcforC. 

^Iruinjy after, back, backward, behind. 

^truini-uin y ^^^ l^ni^ulj y ft P-ftl^ufUq y irOm 

behind. 

^n , jnp liyu , f^rf. np , W hcrC , ^V hlch 

way. 
\kjl!!^py somewhere else, elsewhere, in 

another place. 
W.jin'-uiny from elsewhere, from . another 

place. 

\Y[lu/UiLUJiPy lUfL. luUif-UtiP JJl y UMtU lljl %ni-IJJtf- y 

once, at one time. 
\}phb'j"^ twice. 
\jvbd"^ thrice. 
^npliKju , four times over. 
^Ui^l^tjuy five times over. 
il/ry/zi/i/, six times over. 

first, Ihe first time, in the first place, at 
the beginning, before. 
Xwhv'T'l ' '^"i'":> secondly, after, then. 



109 

IT^ — JliL.u , one ~ another, first — in the se- 
cond place. 

-^lifhltguy ^uiij[igu ufhi^iueT^ hoW oftCH, hoW 

much time, how many times. 

jnguuili[a, oft, often, mostly, many or se- 
veral times, freqiieoUy. 

IJP^ fniui Jjin^h f one after another , orderly. 

jffi ^ufh qJli^ one more than another. 

^nluufhiijiiu^L.y ifsnif^nluy by turns, recipro- 
cally, interchangeably, mutually. 

tjnn ti^lrml^y successlvely , one after an- 
other. 

Mpkt^^ kc^^kb^ doubly, twice. 



agam, moreover, once more. 



'h 4ku^ ^^' b 4kplsJ^ ^^^t, lastly, at last. 

\fC ' ^^ > 2f^ ' "^fs^iTy USft-fsif^ y f^if.^£S y ^£^ y 
ilsUlfb y thntflM l^p y ^'hp Ulul^U y l^p H SUiPy 

lun-lf^i^ why ? w herefore ? for why ? for 
what reason ? 

^Z*'^^, what? which? 

^jtiujiiiy l^ppy npuikuy how ? iu what man- 
ner ? why ? 

Il'^j n^uj^^uig^l/h y IS it not? 

-^iiAlia% y how^ much ? 

]i"£. , ^V IsL.^^ y by which ? how ? 

ir^% jppk — ^Rk% or — either ? 

(\^i-iiuiy from whence? 

\jp^ , jnpd^iuiTy when ? 

Uj-Syes. 

7 



110 

ufh^ni^^^y truly, verily, cerlainly, surely, 
indeed, in truth, assuredly, infallibly, un- 
doubtedly, justly, really. 

\\iiipti 4iuj2j very ^ell. 

lJ,£i^£ii^4i/ , ujpqJrqp , truly, verily. 

^.^tp4> ^''^y ^nif^i/t/uy almost, nearly, as 
it ^\ere, pretty near. 

O'i li- o^, so, thus. 

^"f-gh y f^f^'-gh P^h y t"'-3^ ^CF^^'* P^lrpL-u y 
uj[ii].lragy[igl^ P^l^y [tgl^ ij;/' > perhapS, ICSt, 

it may be. 
\yiipk > 'II' ujprj-lro^ , may it be. 
2 , ni> no, not. 
\^L. ii^ nor, neither. 
{{'^JLuy no more. 

{\!^piiuji- y ujJiruLlfu n^ ncver, by no means. 
n^^V.' nothing. 
W^jl^ni^Lu y no more. 

no, not, never, by no means. 
0'^ u/urj-py forbear. 
-^uii. y God forbid, forbear. 

\y[>ujfu y tri^IrP^ y inli , unuli , Ouly, but. 

\f[tujjisujii y Jftiuju [6jrf. J}iujju y siugly, solcly. 
If^, 1^1, one by one. 

\yirunL.un y nt^nnjU , lun^iuliAtflfu y UJit-u/uJiuiui^p y 

apart, aside, asunder, separately, singly i 

particularly. 
wA'^ y behold, lo, see, there. 
\]<^iUL.ujulili or iui^uMulJiy l)ehold, here. 
W<liUL.ujrj-lEli or iui-iuif^[fliy behold, there. 
lJ,<>ii/iLiii7//f^ or uiuufhliii , there behold. 



MI 

\fUi y JuflMiUi^guiin.^ %iu ilu/uiuciifun. y ^^ lb ' 

JiUL.lfUt ) UMtUlULAriy Ulfiy Ul^^iU y X'dSXi^^ y 

more, than, nay, chiefly. 
j^^J^i, by my-seif. 
4\t^4^,l3y thy-seif. 
|}'A-^4^5# , by our-selves. 
^h-ijl^'uy by your-selves. 
^^jJ^J^^u y from since, from this lime. 
Yk^t'^^ by himself. 
q.£//#ff^^, almost, quite, totally. 
^n^npnil^^ or ^ninpnilitJ^y wholly , totally, 

entirely. 
\\uiifuML. or liutJhilifuy voluntarily, willingly. 
|7^^4^, ever, at any time. 
{{i^plr^y in some 'place. 
f|i_wi/i^, whence, from whence. 
\\uip[i y too, much, most, too much. 
\\upnil^y by himself 
^P^y freely, for nothing, gratis. 
fjiLc/'^^ai^/i, violently, vehemently. 
\\nq^iulib y side-ways, obliquely. 
{{t-Hiuul^b y directly, perpendicularly, in a 

straight line. 
^!rn.ujJ^iugli y wilh OT by hand. 
\j2iuUiuglM y with a sign. 
\S.^^3[' 9 hy or with kicking. 
Z^ujjlrp^^ or <^ujjlrgf3y in Armenian. 
\jfLpujjlrglriil~ii y in|Hebrew. 
\pl^ujpl/iMy in the Jewish language. 
o^mfuiupl/ii , in Greek. 

\\hr%q^ufUL.yU y alivC. 

W^l^niliiJl^ y nationally, with whole family. 



\\,iL^uUj,irp, wholly, totally. 
*\.[,Litiui_ or <^lr^ilruji. y easily, readily, with- 
out trouble, at leisure. 
{Vhuji^y totally, almost, ever. 
\\3uui[iL. , severely, cruelly, rudely, hardly. 
l|//y^^//i/i/z_, before, beforetinie, formerly. 
Azal"^ > exactly, sparingly. 
i\yjiu[iuilii. y truly, indeed, really, certain- 

yylrqif^ij^y softly, gently, slowly, mildly, 
quietly, peaceably. 

{".lupi-n^ or p^ijjpL.figiuui^u y well, rightly. 

'[d^-^/^^, naturally, by nature, radically, ori- 
ginally. 

{^uin-iu^^Ji/J^ or jtufLui^f^i-g y bcforc, already, 
primitively, formerly. 

'ji Jluuuljy partly, in part. 

O^cf , too, much, too much, very much, 
most. 

i>^iup^,uul,y worthily, justly. 

||/i_m/-o£//oi_ or iunLUJL.iiuint-g y \\\ ihc momiug. 

{^iifu^uiliuy exceedingly, excessively, immo- 
derately, extremely. 

yyiunrii^onl-U y iliunn.lfiijp.ijjn , ifiuniLifiJJu^l^u y 

humanly, as a man. 
W^ltuiiup^ni^uui y from without, outwardly. 
{^iiiftiiT <^lruil^ y thenceforth, thenceforward. 
\ijh^ijt[i y so much, so many. 
XYliiJiiifiuiniifuy at once, together. 
'|i ^iUfiLiuhijli y superlicially, carelessly. 
U,^f//y. #i/^«iiiy , fast, hastily, quickly, speedily, 

soon. 



113 
t\pui^u , as, how. 

t^uiJhpk^y totally, wholly, altogether. 

[^^^ iluMjpy in vain, needless, to no purpose. 

U^j^^i^£^^,cliversly, otherwise, contrarily. 

\^fj. uiilir^uiuju y altogether, totally, wholly. 

}ji.u ^luu i^Luy more and more. 

}iS^juiiil^u^ unjuu^l^uy 80^ in this manner. 

]^ji].uil^u y if^nfuuil^u y so, thus in that man- 
ner. 

W^psuil^u y^unfuuiku , thus, in that manner. 

^tPufuiuuil^u y in like manner, so, thus. 

\,nfuop[fuiiiliy alike, so, thus. 

y^l^oplfuiuliy alike, equally, in the same 
manner. 

^[iiupri. y npuiku tfj^iuptj. , as, like how. 

^popltiiiuliy as, tor example. 

^tupiu^iupy badly , sadly , ill , miserably , 
cruelly. 

^^jpuuil^u y lypuq^ujpiup y dlversly , other- 
wise. 

Qujjuiij[iy jiujufuiuiiil^u y Gvidently, clearly, 
openly, publicly. 

li^yiilfiM y Jlrliuopl-u y explicitly, plainly, open- 
ly, clearly. 

\nL. ^[e int. y publicly, openly. 

[uiiupuipy secretly, in secret, under hand. 

\n.lrilriuju,in.ljli [ilfh, silcutly, tacltly, quietly. 

^ftLpujpujp ) easily. 

pn.^^, pnfuujpujpy forcibly, by force, vio- 
lently. 



ll'l 

*).cf /iiL#i/^#/ii- , hardly, not easily, scarcely. 
']i <iiuiiliky <^iuf/^uji,y necessarily, ine\itably. 
{^iu/^uji/lyuy unwiWhvj^y, forcibly, \silh regret. 

luntarily, readily. 

[fuii- ilujj[iy^li^uii/hltiiy in vain, vainly, to 
no purpose, without any reason. 

(Jm'ifif tii/f/ , unfilly, improperly, amiss, ab- 
surdly. 

QufiJii-l^uiu y ignoranlly, unknowingly. 

%lrhif^inL.y by fraud, fraudulently, deceit- 
full). 

'|i iHrplini^gy uakcdly. 

^tuift^ <^lrui[tninu , OU foOt. 

\npn^y newly, recently, freshly, lately, 

just now. 
W^ju^ili y ujjug.iiiu y SO much, so many. 
^-JIlL^'t » ^'h^^'^ ' s^ much, so many. 
\\vi}^i' ' "CP^^^ » ^s much, how much, how 

many, as far. 

^lUifiuUo-iuduJjU y uJtuflia-UMifijjjU , n JJiiuupu , 

lun- <^tuuinpiuliy togcther , altogether, all 
at once, wholly, totally, completely, en- 
tirely, in the mean while. 

%uMiny much, many, greatly, a great deal, 
very, enough. 

\^iui^kiny iuruiUL^Iri^ uiorc, at uiost, too uiuch, 
very much. 

\\n.iUi.lrf^Lu y more than. 



115 

^mk y little, but little, some, somewhat, 
something, less, in a small quantity. 
pLiiii.iu^uAiijin^u f sufficiently, well enough, 
duly, tolerably. 



CONJUNCTION 

A Conjunction is an indeclinable word 
which connects the parts of speech together, 
or one sense with another. 

A COLLECTION OF CONJUNCTIONS 

\ji.yL or ni.y and, or. 

ftuli y i^iuplhiuu^ also, too, still, yet, more, 
even. 

either. 

luju y Jlnyb [3-1^ y ^ufii [3-1^ y h-p^l^ n^ but, 

only, unless, except, save, nevertheless, 

notwithstanding, however, yet, provided, 

upon condition that, if not. 
0^4 Ly [J^l^uil^uiy p^^m^mLy though, al- 

though, however, 
^•^L fij^y though not. 



116 

(IIl 'H"a^ y not only. 

il is, that is to say, to ^^ it. 
lujit [J^l^y as, if it were. 

(Vi/y npnt^iPy aS, llOW. 

{)filfuiuli [ilRi , unpoplfiMiuli , as, for example. 

uMpij^y iuuiujpl/uy \\\^u , thcrcfore, in conse- 
quence, now. 
W^fu ^ , rather. 

9/' > .puiJiqli ) uuiuit alt , nninl^u a[i ) thnfuu/hiul^ 

J^^ for, because, that, whereas, foras- 
muchas, in order to, to the end that, since. 

fjiL^, where. 

0/* ) that. 

U^fj^ci/ , ni-nlrlfii y iuu^ujpl~U y luu^iu ni-nlrifli y ^lu 
ni-nlruU y nt-uuin y JujuU nnnj y UU^P mnuJtLiuL. y 
uujflM [inn ) O-'fiJ^ bub ^ '^"If^ bcb ' '^J""'- 7^w 

inLy then, therefore, wherefore, in or by 
consequence, for this reason. 

i-l^m y 'uiii y PnqjP^l^ y than, rather, at most, 
on the contrary. 

\yb'^^ ^^l^^ljf- > '^t^^ll' > uflMIJ-UJiry t^lt y r^l L^ y SO 

that, till, uiilill. 

(^^ , IrP 4" > b"^l l^ ^ * tutt^iu ^4" » lUii^uM t-p If 

or iuuiLpi, y if. 
Jj/i//// P4- /i^, otherw ise. 
^I'^P > Yfi^/4 > 'I'l'ijL-iuj y at least. 
fO*/, , Zr/J 4- , £l ^4" , 'il' y f''ty * i^^^^y "p > that. 



i 



117 



INTERJECTION 



An Inlerjection expresses the passions of 
the soul. 



A COLLECTION OF INTERJECTIONS 
tatii^^n^ ^u would to God, may it be! 

{[% niij i^il^C^k y p^uSfLl^ y iju^^y 0\\\ Oll ! WOn^ 

derful ! see ! God ! 

{{' riy riily n<^ , //<^ fi<^ , ^^^ , ^<J y t/iiJ/ , i/uJ/ i/uJ/ , 
iu iu y luihunu y guql^in y im-UMity Irnni-l^ y p^lU^Lt^ y 

oh! alas! woe be to! poor! wretch that! 
^U "bf^i. 4^u ""^ "^ > oh joy ! 

a! ah! 

Wj y nilj [iim , #ty/f , ! fie ! plsh ! 

}A^qhy ^u^ufuiy o'^, ^fii, come, come on, 

cheer, well well. 
(d*#//jrj forbear. 
U/5^,p^^, bring, come. 
t'^r, i^i^ p.Ufty come, come bring. 



1 



119 



SYNTAX 



Syntax is the due conjunction or con- 
nexion of the parts of speech. 

Substantives agree with each other in 
three ways. 

1. When another substantive is added to 
express and explain the former more fully, 

as, ||»«»<^«#*^f««*?te. r^^tp^^f^% ^u/Un-lrnS * "With 

Cleopatra his daughter, b^ tliit^*i**'*^r^ t%- 
^m^^^^ [,i_p, he has given Cleopatra his 
daughter, tip2^i__ ^t^.^^p^^'^ b'-C"'L^^ l^r 
*j=^^«4A \\ufiy^i/i. to visit his brethren the 
children of Israel. 

2. When one thing is said to belong to 
another, as, ^^f^pg ^vi.^|.*4.i» />i.,.«k.4 '^/i^*/^ 

the book of the generation of Jesus Christ, 
the son of David, the son of khraam.%ujj[fu 

gave the apostles witness of the resurrection 
of the Lord. 

3. When a substantive or gerund like a 
verb governs another substantive, as, Qlrm 

after that we have received the knowledge of 

the truth. Y^<^^mS^m^^^J\* nLunL-guAlru^^ W^^^ 
*«^m(»^ nnnq ^[i Zj^fj^^uUnuu luJlrliiuiii ^ph^^ 



1:20 

L^h* thou Icachcsl all Ihe Jcvs which are 
among the Gentiles to forsahe Moses. V-"^j 
^^^j,^^p, 4^^4-,«^/Lf,«=-^ ,/t! fJnqj/i. l)ul the 
hlasphemij against the (Holij) Ghost shall 
not be foraiven. 



Substantives agree \vith Adjectives when 
governed by the same, as, Ifi^^ /«.^^*j^^«*^^ 

i/i^l^^g^ %»iyi;>%* npp^ guffJliPu^iuuiiHr^uIh* UntO US 

the]} did minister the things^ which are now 
reported. ^S^nqu uAmp^m^^. disobedient 
to parents, hq^^'^ ^rr^"*-'^ ^ ^^'^^^^ a reed 
shaken with the wind. %l^qj^gtk b ^^"^^ 

^ilrgj^ L ^UMqgp */r lilrpiiMlinL.p ^ that is plcasaut 

to the sight, and good for food, b^ > {*-^ 
ie.**i*jj ^[luiut^n/iujg n^ ««^^w*-^. and of the chief 
women not a few, }juilru f«;^ JJt 'j. ^i*t* he 
saw a man which was blind from his hirth. 

^^^^]i^\j, L ^^[^^{. and Abram was very 
rich in cattle^ in silver^ and in gold. P-^yj 

but Rachel was beautiful and well-favored. 

puLp^hriuu. sound in faith, in charily, in pa- 
tience, b^ 46-*^ V i^t^t i-qbab ^^~C uuiiuuuM^ 
i-np. but he that is greatest among you shall 
be your servant, li^^ ^t-^^^f •*;'^ .'^rtf'** 'i^npiu. 
the youngest of his sons. 

The Comparatives govern generally the 
Accusative with the |)repositioji j^mU, as, i)/i 



121 

^liunfi ♦^cf ♦wi*-»^«*^«j1# i»^ *t/^t, ^ik^C* *^^ thou 

art much micjhtier than we. |pt^ ^^"^ ^iVi, 
"uJ-^ 4- ujuin. a greater than Jonas is here. 

Also the Middle nouns govern different 
cases, as, U,^//^ ^^i^unPlrqL t^C^ 1^ ^ ^'^'^2.* 
behold, the man (Adam) is become as one 
of us. iY-i, "C^^"9^ tiufiil'h ftL-p f. \^*j%i>^m^ 
l-H^*^* hove can he be clean that is born of a 
ivoman ? }jl. W^^^/l^ /n/^r ^ ^^^^*^i>j%^.^^ «-^ 
J^T^k '^ ^"^V though he be not far from every 
one of us. /^^**^;L-^.?IV'^^'^Lf^ '**'^*^r n^mt-ult^ 
but other of the Apostles saw I none. 

CONCORDANCE OF ADJECTIVES WITH 
SUBSTANTIVES 

1. The adjective may be placed before 
or after the substantive; joined, or divided 
from it. 

2. The adjective mayor may not be of the 
same case or nuuiber with the substantive. 

3. The governing preposition may be 
placed either before the substantive or adjec- 
tive, or before both being repeated. 

Examples, 
by the word of God, which liveth and abideth 

I of ever. (J''tS-w**-1» L ^m*f^m^j^i^^ L luhllm^ui^ 

if^nph ]^^^m\m^. by a greater and more per- 



\i>2 

feet tabernacle^ not made with hands. '|i i/t^^ 
piuj ^rf"; ^m^^P^>^\ %npuM. upon \]xe smooth of 

his neck. \ji/rlrujtru iiJpu "Lnpuj '/, u^^^^S *rh^ 

Z'"'t* seethe his flesh in the holy place, \\iuuij 
luJlruiuju tiVL":; ^^^^^^^^^ for all the migh- 
ty works. ^\^iU[t^iuU j\][int-uujql^ir ^H*%m^*6,^ 

%^mii^^%t.'u ^{ip^l/ijlriijfj. returned they unto 
Jerusalem from the mount called Olivet. \jl. 

jJ-^K^JJp^*^ U_u nufu DunilMU nm-niuul^ UlIiu ^4^^^^^* 

and he will shew him greater works than 

these. \j^ wuJuiJ-lriuq WuinnL.iu&' q^uiniu^ 

puM. and the Lord plagued Pharaoh and his 
house with great plagues. \^^-{^^h^k''^ *^'-^- 

irrT***** •^***^t^4 ^'^"'Y'' ^^^^'^ aiuu^uMnnuJu 'A"^ 
llftg lunpuMhlfu jlruinj linqJluul^ . tlw halfcUV- 

tain that remaineth, shall hang over the back- 
side of the tabernacle, n*^/* ^ wbd^"^ ^"u^^m^ 

lF*^lflr ?'-*-J*4' i'^^'^y for they shall hear of 
thy great name^ and of thy strong hancl^ and 
of thy stretched'Out arm. Ijlfu l^ffu Jit np m.^ 
^^C zl'l_l"'tv'^*^CT^****^^ •«*»£i'«-f» 4'^***f'^'';* there 
came a woman having an alabaster-box of 
ointment of spikenard^ very precious. S^'Y' 

v*^':^\ry I saw also the Lord silting upon a 
throne^ high and lifted up. 84/" t*^t^ "^ 

^HA*^J^4f* iL. ♦f*^f"("**r linnni-Uiifh[tqlru * LiOrO, Wilt 

thou slay also a righteous nalion ? *|i ^*^cTV 
4.^^^«^j. ttt^*4*i-.«^t '/'i^/f-iu q[ni* deliver me 
from the deceitful and unjust man. V-^yj t(tL. 



153 



U. t^%t^<^^^^ II. m ^J, P-nifUop ifiu<^ujp^lrnffu t, DUt 

the tongue can no man tame : it is an unruly 
evil^ full of deadly poison. Qm.uJ^n.'iju u^^u^ 
v^l^uu L jomiupiuliujuu^ With divers and 
strange doctrines. U^/l <^iupifu t^^j^j «*-^^ 
^^%^f^. of the promise made unto our fathers. 

git iuJirUinjii pufu . in the mouth o/" two or 
f/iree witnesses every word may be esta^ 
Wished. \,nj kp ^^-^^^ '{>^4*^rHr"*^* Noah was 
six hundred years old. ]^ppli- ^^^^^^^i-^C'^ 4^f ^^ 
•^«*«»^% • about fifteen furlongs off. 'b t/t^i^<^uj^ 

ph'-P^P'I'h "- h Jhnt-iP ujJJi jijji/utrufiiis luti-iuO^ 

%nL.Jl in the six hundredth and first year, 
in the first month. \ Ip^i^-^ ^^^^^ tiij.lro^ ilui^ 

"^lunJrghp^ li^'Uiu ujulf y UJjn m-%'^'>»^4. whcthcr 

ye sold the land for so much ? and she said, 
yea, for so much. \},j[i lufLMuifMuf^^ such a 
one as this is. ^^ e^g.^^««jLj,^%^ ^^^^\^^^i, '^ 
Urn-utg unpiu i^[tgliu ^ that evcu sucli mighty 
works are wrought by his hands, {^^r^-"* •**!- 
^^•f^t ^"} liuiiP y^i^ 1^.^^^^^^^%^ , what is 
thy country? and of what people art thou? 
Or'^'tr*^*^'*'**^***'^**"" 1-"^^lig*whith what judge- 
ment ye judge. J^^J^^i &*«- k b"^^ k"^^ "^J^t 
^ji^m^i^^ l/u [tJi what is my trespass^, what is 

my sin ? Z^u/Uq^lrpl ^^^^^ »S^S^i, , L. ^^p^m^ 

P*^l^oi*K.^ ^y^^l,.^^^^ mSmf^. with the elders^ 
and with a certain orator named Tertulus. 

found a certain Jew named Aquila. 'b ^#»w 



IJ'I 

ilni.1^ ifjin^h- lioiu one shepherd. O ^Ji ix^ 

t^m^^tf^nX [fUg^lriifu^ rj^tuuitruLjl/u * l^VeVXj (jVeOt 

matter they shall bring unto thee: but evenj 
small matter they shall judge. %ui^ im-u/ufl^ 

^^['Um^^^]X. but now they desire a better 
country, that is, an heavenly. Hn.ujhg bvhe^ 
[uq^lrinj^ doubtiug uothiug. 'fl ^U/^ 4^M«; 
liUfLuip^ntHj^ the next sabbath (or sabbath- 
day.) M^ji^ilf ^luiil^L.^ fLujqJkg. with many 
other words. \\n. lyi^lrpu^nil^. by the other 

kine. h ri_a//z.7/£/// ^V»f f- *-{»•*• ?^»***^i,f'*-f ^ ^phriug 

Ji&yf/^y* in turning away ei^ery one of you 
from his iniquities. ^Ji ^pujj Jliy nupnL^ '^ 
fypufug* upon some mountain. 



Notwithstanding the great licence in the 
use of adjectives the following rules must 
be generally observed. 

1. The adjective placed after the sub- 
stantive must agree with it in number and 
case, as, ^lupiuJ^^ t/lr&iuJlr^qp^ , with great 
stones. nopni-Pltifijg ujjuin[,u[i^y such mighty 
ivorks. 

2. The adjective placed before a substan- 
tive does not agree with it, excepting the 
monosyllable adjectives, as, inr&ujJlr& ^m^ 
Ituitfi'^y with great stones. iujuiAi[tu[t tioprtL.^ 
[Jliifiqi , such mighty works, ^m^f p-u/uImi.^^ 



125 

with other words. '/» upp^nuir inlrq^n^^ in the 
holy place. 

3. When a verb or participle is before 
the substantive and after the adjective, the 
adjective agrees readily with the substantive, 

as, lUuinns-iuh-iujUni] q^hlf qonni^P~lrujiIp. y lie 

armeth with divine force, inumni^iuh^iujunilj^^ 
'uhriuuiopni^p^lriuJlL , artued with divine force. 

4. An adjective with the article or the 
letter distinctive of the person, placed before 
a substantive, agrees with it in number and 
in case, but not always, as, Jlr^iui^ L liiu^ 

intuntrnufu L. ufu^lrn.iuu-nph' funnufUuMifiM > OXl 

a greater and more perfect lahernacle^ not 
made with hands. 

5. When there are many substantives be- 
fore one adjective only, the adjective is in 
the plural, and agrees with them, as, Jjiu^ 

'b^a^iH'-^ , Saul and Jonathan (were) lovely 
and pleasant. 

6. The governing preposition is joined to 
the case which precedes it, whether sub- 
stantive or adjective, as, jiuunLUiulruj^ik^ft,^ 
%l^% , from the mount called. '^ Jhtprj-y uHr^ 
quiLnpl^'ulr^i^iuunpl^ y from the dcccitful aud 
unjust man. 

7. When the adjectives or substantives 
placed before are joined with the conjunction 
U, and^ the governing preposition is applied 

to all, as, juji£lrq& L. ju/Uiuninui L. jufufp^uM^ 

i^n^p^lit^'u y to an inheritance 



incorruptible, and iindefileth ctnd tliatfadeth 

not away* '[> <^^UuJiiufu,j.ni^P^[iiflM L ^ <ilrqnt.lfh 

iu£ilruji/ij ^ unto obedience and sprinhlincj of 
the blood. 

8. When the adjective or substantive 
placed before is simple, and many substan- 
tives or adjectives follow, the governing pre- 
position governs the first word, and the se- 
cond and third which follow; however not 

always, as» ^ ^^P l""['^ct"d ^ b P-^'^bs ^ 
'^ ij^nphngy frovd cvH tkoughts^ tvordsj and 

bloody and deceitful man. 

CONCORDANCE OF PRONOUNS 

The personal pronouns Iruyl^ rj-m.^ tliou^ 
^V^> ^^^^^ himself are substantives^ and as 
substantives agree with adjectives, as, i\uju% 
Jiirp ^frq&uji^npujg J ofyou liypocritcs. 

\\ijgh signifies sometimes self as^, Ajuffu^ 
Jluptj^ lrJ\ I myself also am a man. 

The definitive pronouns umy ij.iuj ^/x/, he 
(shcj, it) are substantives, and so agree with 
adjectives, as, ^^n^tu jtrmlfiM^rj.. these last. 

\jt- l^^iuiP tfUp iruflip urtpuj ujuuiuntrU * Or ClSe 

let these same here say, 

TJie definitive pronouns uyuy ii^nfu y^nfu y 
this, thai, same, are adjecti\ es, and so agree 
with substantives, as, 'ji unfu or '^ uJ}fu m^ 
L.ni.ft. on this day, or in the course of this day, 



127 

or tO'daij. f^m q^iljfu opffutulilt * in the like 
manner. *h ^/^^ qiuuti^nL.iu&ni^ of the same 
lump. Qnpni^ujjP^ ^b^y^ ^'^ksb* ^^^f^ f^^^^ 
very destruction let him fall. Jjt. uiQiU uuudj^li 
ijuiillrijujjiM ipyP- b J^^uMiuhiui^ and besides 
this^ giving all diligence. 

The definitive pronouns uj/uy thisj ^^} 
lufii , that^ are generally adjectives, but some- 
times substantives , as , ^A"^^ ^np&lrglrii 
qujjij.. what is this that thou hast done ? \)^ju 
tru S^nifurf^. npri.i.n^ ^ijb * these are the 
generations of the sons of Noah. Quj/u Irp^ 
linL.u iiiuiuini.[i[iujuu^ on tlicse two command- 
ments, [\['"g Ity" l^t ^b^^^" Irprj^Jhifuu 

uiftiuplriui^ljp. who had made this conspira- 
cy* JjP'h^ a'n^uJlfiqlfnuui p-u/uhu ifh-Ctp Uit^ 

unpl^li* whether there hath been anxj such 
Ihing as this great thing is ? ^h i^c^'^gq-^^s 
juMjtj-guful^ . of this thj wickedness. ^qPniJ^ 

tufrj-n^ltli* by this epistle, {^m lugnrUiMjJu p.tu^ 
%hqu iujunqttli y U. P^fJ^ lUiHrUiujiM uitruih-iultu 

Mujunplili. according to all these words^ and 
according to all this vision, hp^^^b "["^^^^ 

q^ufu ifiuptf.uJitl^nL.p^lru/iiu quJJ*J * blcSSCd is Iw 

that keepeth the sayings of the prophecy. 
^tuiiif-k jiyrj-ifliful^. of this generation. \\^^ 

^^*l£D criun-tuihq nnq ujjunq^l^ jb^^'bs * ^hC llfc Of 

these fifty thy servants. l^t^g^triT ^ <^lii.uA^ 

q-nt^P^lrii^ utumlt b^^ jujjuifluul^ ^ shull I rC- 

cover of this disease? B^^ ^X^^H^" VP 
l(b^usfi.iup_lriug^ this Moses J whom they re- 



1^28 

fused... the same did God send to be a ruler 
and a deliverer. 

Tlie possessive pronouns ft J] imj ,^n , thy^ 
i/irpj our^ ^Irpy \\our ^ /"-/'> '*^«^3 '*^^ 011'!?, are 
adjecUves. When Ihey are ^vilhout substan- 
tives, receive either the articles *^, 't-,'^, or 
the adverbs *^***r\j •^'^v^f, as, *p*#» h ujiflruujfiM 
ffu^ L ^t ^y"dt uint^uMi- ^lrif_. all things come 
of thee y and thine oivn have we given thee. 

\}uuini-iu& j[ii^itujjnifu^ he also hath ceased 
from his own works, as God did from his. 

The pronouns possessive derived ^i/Zty^i 
or /li/yfi'iiy my J llrpujjifu or MrpylfiMy yours, 
are put before the substantives. 

The pronoun relative n^, who, which, 
what, that, is substantive, and in different 
manners agrees with antecedent and follow- 
ing nouns, as, \\^" npnt^p n^ mlruu/LltglrU ^ 

L. uiliufu^u^ npnil^ n^ ULts^'^ > E|/e5 thut they 
should not see, and ears that they should not 
hear. \nt.iui^ '^ %J2uul^ iliuuu np y# ^?^ch'^ 
uinu {^ftuHLu <^gui.iuinn^ y Iwurd him concern- 
ing the faith in Christ. 9^p Jfi //^^^ H^''^^- 
fi '/^['"^ t^ j"P"3 i^^'-^n- ^^h^^ that none 
of these things which ye have spoken come 

upon me. Wftni^iP [ifhri^iil^ {i ^I/U mnLp , L. np 
/£UjJJi ihnhi tuiifuriL I It nl/u iffi n-UjnJ^ni-niifulrn 

flfr/^t-uuy give to him thai askcth thee, and 
from him that would borrow of thee turn not 

thou away. *|l tluthiTiiuU lUunLnnu ^^^"ul'^i ["O^ 
uhrnguL. nUri. tflru tipff-untfli y '[['P ^H- ^t^n^ufl^^ 



iUin^rUiuflMh y nnniJlL, itjiui-ninlrii/UuU lupusn ^ nn 

h uyu 'l^ujnLUJigy hath in these last days spok- 
en unto lis btj his son^ ivhom he hath appoint- 
ed heir of all things j hj ivhom also he made 
the worlds. Who being the hrighlness of his 

glory, Jjl. iniumJInuq lynt^^u \^<^Lunnh^ 1^^ 
aflrliujfu uiiuuiil-LUUi/lM Qnn lunugupirtun t^iu %^n > 

and Moses told Aaron all the words of the 
Lord who had sent him. \ji- uMiHAiiufia wfi^ 

uiitllM %nniu nUuin crnUp II. luncriuP-iua^Rlip nn 
t^ftU lujqa-utq ouiusniuq y f^tthiuuilruiq tfitnuiu ^ 

and all the men of his house^ horn in the 
house, and bought with money of the stran- 
ger ^ were circumcised with him. Qnpng ij^mfiM 
'^ [u%i^l,p IrpP^lruMi^l^lfp y which thou wentest 

to seek, fj/"W ^uinfii^^j ^l\pqiuinnu fuinn^Iriuq 

jAii^ iin<^uu %ngiuy wliose blood Pilate had 
mingled with their sacrifices, \^n- np dlumm.^ 
glruig_^lt ij^ifh lilAif-u/hlB , to whom coming, as 
unto a living stone. (Ipy ulrptfL [^i-p '/r^^^l^, 
whose seed is in itself jjt- J^nqn^lh^gffij , np 
lujui y L np uiuliiuL. y Qud gathercd, some more^ 
some less. 

The articles-distinctive-of the persons u 
of the first, iy. of the second, ^ of the third, 
besides showing the persons joined to the 
terminations of words, have also the force 
of the English articles a and f/ie, and give 
energy and ornament, as, Skf ^ ^["f^"^^ 
uitrm (without any article) Lord and Master^ 
but with the article u so, S^pu L \\iupq.ui^ 
nilnnuy \{ may have three senses: 1^ J who 



!30 
am a Lord and a Master. T. This Lord and 
Master. 3 '. My Lord and Master. 80 S^t't- 
II. i\ni^q-iuu^L-inrf. y i\ T kou wlio art u Lord 
and a Master. 2 \ That Lord and Master. 
•J\ Thij Lord and Master. Like^vise 8kp^ L. 
\\njliff.ujuilruiu y i\ ]Us Lord and Master. 
2 '. That Lord and Master, o. The Lord and 

the Master. ff,yp qf^lrm lrihiu>i^lru {lp41ijJjf[- 

]^ufiujl^lfiy after whom is the King of Israel 

come out ? ^t-q/iu tuUujinujin 4" ) l^ onu miunuj^ 

diuiflruju this is a desert jAacej, and the time 

is now past. 9^/''^^ /'p^ ^^' i/ujuh npy Ir^ 

^ilig^^ what is the cause ivherefore ye are 

come ? XjPh f^t 't'"//^" n^utiuin tnuju mnfulrU y 

l^bil^^ipu ^''i^i_ih^i't'ilt' ^ ift1^(^y do these things 
in a green tree^ whatsliallbe done in the drij? 
U//£_ f^nt. qi'pit'i ^n "tT^di ' ire "bc^s^c 
q\\uiu<^inliy take now thy son^ thine only son 
IsaaCj, whom thou lovest. WpmuM^lfii iRuprj^u 
iflrp y our outward man. 5>y''V h^ b '^^"^i^^ 
inifu ^jinn^Ir^y what thc risiug from the dead 
should mean? \T^^i^^3^C"*^^ b ^^"^^g ^^ 
pufuij j^iiuuiuMupuiiuifij^ lujtj^ngfil^ y depart y 1 pPtiy 
you) from the tents of these tviched men. 3"c 

nguhnii /lujuquful^ Ir/^lrinqu P^'H- fftrny Oj tllCSe 

men who have companied with us. lY^l^iu^uup 

n/ijni.fij II. n^uiiln y Uiul^iifurflM Ll. nJl'Ul' > W\\0 

maheth the dumb^ or deaf or the seeing^ or 
the blind? \^k"U^ 7' S"'^/'""^V'"'^ » come unto 
the marriage, (in^i ti/y. /i^nj^j/riPy in the midst 
whereof I dwell. QL-^i/fi/m^f, ujh. %uj[inu u[i^ 
P iL ^ 'WV ^'^*"t "bnl^^'^y^f^f'^"^[^ l^ui^%-i the 



I 



151 

elder unto the well-heloved Gaius^ vhom I love 
in the truth. ^^ nL.p IrJu [^glriP^ L. ^nt^ ufui^. 
td^^ y that where I am^ there ije may he also. 

^np rj-ni^rf^ uinfulru ^ that thOU doCSt, Opm^iT 

q^ni.% il^iylrglrfi , to ivhoM thou bearest wit- 
ness. IT/'^^ "^/'- ^^^ ir^y being ijet present 
vjith you. ^"[f ^uj/i^ iunfis!^ , what things 
soever he doeth. ^np uujju umfLl^y which 
this man hath done. %lruufuligk^ tinp ffum^ 

dlrhlrglfu '^ ^Irtjj See ye him whom the Lord 
hath chosen^ that there is none like him 
among all the people, n'^4^ "c "^^^kt a^^'L^ 
who it is that saith to thee, (^if- npni^tPli^ 
^^uiJlupliulilriuiij. [uoulsiPy before whom also I 
speak freely. ^Jt^u/Luj^ us^uj[i<^[iu tyunpfMli 
l^qtuim^iufiilrih^uigu , oftlie princes of this world 
that come to nought, g/^^^/'^ ^y^^ uilruuj^ 
^k » but by what means he now seeth. Of^^u 
Ll liufufniui^ luul^ft , as I have also told you 

in time past. }^u^ jnp n^ ta^^ ungm iflrpl , 

liyp 4- ^ qui^ugnL. , but Iw tluit lacJietli these 
tilings is blinds and cannot see afar off. 



COlsCOIiDA^CE OF YERB 

The verb which is not a participle, or 
infinitive, is governed by a nominative, as, 

Itu/^aiLiiju^ inn tun ^uuint-iuu- uh-pl^ffu U- 'Jy'P^ 

lil^P , in the beginning God created the heaven 
and the earth \jl. tplilip ki* ufulrplLyP^ L 



luuniiumpiuuui y and the earth was without 

fonil, and void. [jl. Z^nj^f, \]uinnL&y IP^JlO 

7' 'Urcy ^H'^CU^ ^^^^^ ^'^^ SpWil of God moved 
upon the face of the waters. 

The paiiiciple and the infiniliN e are often 
governed hy a genitive, as, 'u"'/'^ A^2#m^/A, 

they are delivered ere the midwives come in 

unto them. f\uj%ui^l^p^'ij/,g y L /f^u^lri^^n^ 
a^L^nfu un^nj **^ L. n.iui3iujjU J^P^l^hg y the 

heaven was opened^ and the Hohj Ghost de- 
scended,... and a voice came from heaven. 

In hke manner are governed the preter- 
perfect, and the preter-plu-perfect tenses 
formed by a participle, and a substantiveverb, 

as, }jL. n^ tj-lnnl^p i}^iu l^n 1(11^ [3-1^ {{.tu^t-^iuj 
/fiinP^L.nnt a^nniuqlriuil^n tfunuiu ^ jOr JaCOl) 

knew not that Rachel had stolen them, ^^m^ 

lit ^uju q^mfuiijunifu , therc Uc in wait for him 
of them more than forty men. 

The accusative cannot properly govern a 
verb, but is subject to it, as, }ji~ lupri npnij^ 

^Iruiu- luatL trif^ \^uinnL.&nj , n^u^uininfiu^ ?"^w 
iliijnfvi nui^i-nj l^iuiP mnO'ujP-nj l^iuiP ^iUftft , 
nn Vf '^ujnuiiunnL.p^lrhl^ li V/ tfuiiun iliunrj^l^ggfu 
nufun-iuLlriui /'//V aiuuuinL.uj&uji^ujUlj ^Utri^ 

'iiif^ifunq^ forasmuch then as we are the off- 
sprimj ofGodj, we oucjht not to think that 
1 he Godhead is like unto (jold, or silver^ or 
slone, fjraven hy art and mans device. 
The nominative of nouns agrees a 



c^enc- 



loo 

rally in number with a verb which is not a 
participle or infinitive, excepting those with- 
out singular number^ or collective, as, Qm^ 

arose another generatio7i after them^ which 
knew not the Lord, yjl/u jpuj^u/iM p.ujiiJhi_^ 

^i-p ik^qncu fuoulri^ungin , the multitude Came 
together^ and were confounded because that 
every man heard then speak in his own Ian- 

gUage, }ji- ct-nqnifni-nn^ lulfit ni^jt^p ^Hf.*^^ 
Ppuji y Zl OiundlgfiiUJjnii f^fj- tiUiflrhi %nngu y UUd 

the people waited for Zacharias, and mar- 
veiled that he tarried so long. 

The nouns joined with the conjunction t-, 
and sometimes agree, sometimes not, as, t*- 

iflrcrujquji- ixy/i5# ^jy^ t/2^^ * IrnL^ %nniu «r 

fuiun iL. iun9iurL. jy^ ) CfuMn^iui^ II. uinuj/i^trujio^ 

ni^quip, L 4^2^ , and the man increased excee- 
dingly^ and had much cattle^ and maid-ser- 
vantSy and men-servants^ and camels^ and 

asses, }ja^i flip iun9iunL II. n<pjiujn II. h?^ ) h-tu^ 

n^ujj,^ L iuriiu[uulriuj^ , \ Imvc oxcu^ and ass- 
es^ (locks^ and men-servants j, and women- 
servants. 

When the noun or, pronoun is only one, 
the verb must be of the same person, as, \]u 

left alone; where had they been? 

When the persons are different the verb 
agrees with the first , as, ^iuinif^ ^ujjglrJ^ 

8 



i^tij^/yfPiJ^ ^^f ^^^^^^l i^ ^^^^^^ f^^y ^^^other and 
tlnj brethren^ indeed come to how down our- 
selves to thee to the earth ? {S^p^^^^ t"^ ^ 
^uM Jliuju [li^kp-yhetween thee and him alone. 

giu^ , whether it were I or they^ so we preach. 
Sometimes the verb is supposed, as, \rkf^ 

n-iug ^ng iuJlrulrp[fu Jlr^y we are the claxjj, 
and thoii our V otter; and we all are the 
ivork of thy hand. 

The verb active governs generally the ac- 
cusative, as, }jL. UJfiu^ \}uinnt.iu& qi/ujpq.'u 
p ii^LUin/^a-n ["-P * nuui imuuil^hrnh \\uuinucritj 
lupiun tfutu *■ LunnL. u. l^a. luniun alinuiu , SO 

God created man in his own image; in the 
image of God created he him; male and fe- 
male created he them, b^ mulilnug }^uuini-iuh^ 

'uf^'U't^ ire umlrrih^ ^andthe Lord God plant- 
ed a garden eastward in Eden; and there 
he put the man whom lie had formed. 

Sometimes the letter ^ a sign of the ac- 
cusative is supposed, as, %uj miuj luJiruujjulw 
lllriuuu II. ^iifiiij L qujiflriMUifiM ['^^ he givctli 
to all, life, and breath, and all things. 1;^ 

ujn. ifh it ljiin[iq ^Utinuj , U. Iriltu nl"f- ^^^'P "t^P- 

Jlfity and he took one of his ribs, and closed 
up the fesh instead thereof. 

The verb active governs secondly another 
accusalive, as, '!»/#£- ^n mufulru iijyirqj whom 
malivst thon thyself? {iyiuf^ujcn^ qnlffi luul/it 



435 

ilQltuni.u , saying that there is another king^ 
one Jesus. 

The verbs active as well as the neuter and 
passive govern often their roots in the accu- 
sative, as, l]4/» jiUi-fiifit^iu^iiA uffplri^lt ijp^^y 
I have loved thee with an everlasting love. 
WJtujt^uglA ijujil^p^iflr&y theij shall be great- 
ly ashamed. 

The verb passive governs generally the 
ablative, as, 9J' isgl* "C uiumgujifu '^ %lriun.^ 
^k ythat it might he fulfilled ivhichwas spok- 
en of the Lord, ^uA^ ^[t uimqnj guUmli h^iutulM 

^iuuuM^ , for the tree is known 6y his fruit. 

know my (sheep) and am known of mine. 

The infinitive sometimes is noun, and 
sometimes verb. 

The preposition *^ put before an infinitive 
has often the signification of an adverb ;-^^ 

^»*»/, JJ,!^, ivhen as, 'b mlruu/ulriU l^irtu 

P^rpliptrugft '[t il}iuiu [ti-p^ when he seeth thee^ 
he will he glad in his heart. 

The infinitive or the gerund with its verb 
increases the signification of it, as, {{tfutri^ 
nihikp uiiup^u/uuy he hath whereof to glory. 

iJl'P'^ P~ujiJ-iut.nntrintJ P"Uja.un-nnlruqlru , A 
H-^C"iJ '^p y /lUJiP tnfinlrintJ uifinlruqlru Jhroy 

shalt thou indeed reign over us ? or shall 
thou indeed have dominion over us ? 



r>G 



CONCORDANCE OF PREPOSITIONS. 

Prepositions sometimes are put after the 
nouns; they change their places, and are re- 

douhled, as, t\j^ <Jujulriui^^/A j\}umnL.&y 

/ipuji-uAi/h i/t^pajj f who knowing the judcje- 

nient of God. \y[l lfui^uiujmXiiin.u mwi^ <^uiiiui^ 
lUUMl^nprj^^i ^fi <^ujj<^njni^P-lru/u tuniuu^u ^ QlVG 

none occasion to the adversary to speak re- 
proachfully. ^<ilrtn IrpP^iujlfu fLiutinL.J^ y# 

q^\iui^qnult L qy^iunfuiufE.iy many ft! 16 Jews I 
and religions proselytes followed Paul and 

Barnabas. ^ludhrUtufu J-ujir^iu[ilriug qf^Um 

IrpPujj^, hut ever follow that which is good. 

uMulituuftglt^, when ye fall into divers tempta- 
tions, ^usuinL-gftiti ftuS. H^P tfinfuufuuii^ l^t 

fLgupL-nj , that render evil for good. 

Adjectives are often used as adverbs, as, 
\plrS-ujJiijjjh ^tu^i^ujg^^, cry alotcd^ }j[iiuf.u 
fthfJ^u/ijtjj^fth y L. ptrp-Lu r^.utnhtiujltiM , they 
ran and returned. 

On the contrary sometimes adverbs are 
used as adjectives, as, \jq^ ^n^fm ni/utup L 
ujp2^ii^ jnj^y and had much cattle. 

Negcitive adverbs -t> I ^"^ "V' ^^^^ ^^^ 
sometimes are put after verbs, as, \;l. funt^ j 

^iy #// 'ii[iq& [fjl- ^uiu llrtu und tlw swiuc, 
though he divide the hoof and he cloven- 



137 

footed^ yet ye cheweth not the cud : he is 
unclean to i/ou. 

ACCENTS, OR NOTES OF PROSODY 

1^ '^Ir^ or ^^nufu^ufis CJ as, &'uin.y 

2''« pfii./3- or p-P-ufuiufii ( * ) as, ^li/^/ , i^/»^w 

nnnn. n^iunAinut uinn. ujjUq[i uif/^ t 

3 . ^lu/tn^^ OV nfn^ptuli (") aS, ntjj iij^iupij^y 

ni-p % According to modern usage it is em- 
ployed as an interrogative point, and as a 
note of admiration. 
^' \jpk"^c (^)> cis, p.uifLijry 4i^zj t/""-- 

Uiunl-iP \jpnL.uujql^iPt 

5°. \^nL.qJ^^^ as, ^^^^lUtfUMUij^ y p^^nt-fji-ltilii % 

y^^'finil^lf t It is put on the syllable to make 
it short. 

6^ ^iUL C^) as, /3^^#-1 P-nifngt It is put 

by some moderns upon the letter l. to mark 
its pronunciation as a tlj 

T. WuiuiP^uiiig (^)* It is rarely used. 

8^ yup^uiifLiyy the mark of division of a 
word {S)- 

PUNCTUATION 

There are three Points in the Armenian. 

3". »lf^£a/^4« (.) 



ir><s 



OTIIRR MARKS 



1". yyinliiislil^in (')• It is put on the head 
of the letter /r, when it forms a preposition, 

as, [ty lunJftx 

T. ojmi/i^iL. (^) mark of abbreviation, as, 

UA ( WumnL.iu& ) ♦ U. J^ ( }AumnL.&nj ) ♦ -p.^ 

3\ l]^£.ii (/) ^^hich is one of the three 
columns of a m entire : it is put sometimes 
to mark an entire «//? as, uj^r[ttiji [uj^uj^ 

4:\ ijpijfnptruji^ ('') ^vhich marks the vo- 
wels omitted, or the words shortened, as, 

6^ <^uJinnl.uJ^P[l. The sign, or substitute 
of a word, as, ^ luj^iup<^) i 
1\ ^uil^ui^lipy Cyper, 



159 



The letters of the Armenian Alphabet are 
used as the JSumhers^ generally with a 
line on the letter^ so 



USt 


1. 


2r. 


100. 


?' 


2. 


ifi 


200. 


T> 


3. 


4J 


300. 


^' 


4. 


^, 


400. 


E, 


5. 


z> 


500. 


2.' 


6. 


^, 


600. 


%y 


7. 


r» 


700. 


% 


8. 
9. 




800. 
900. 


^l 


10. 


«^» 


1000. 


h 


20. 


", 


2000. 


^> 


30. 


tl 


3000. 


40. 


sy, 


4000. 


50. 


?' 


5000. 


h 


60. 


^» 


6000. 




70. 


t» 


7000. 


r, 


80. 


?. 


8000. 


ti 


90. 


^» 


9000. 



iVB. o and ^ being recent letters^ are 
not included in the numeration. 



141 



VERSE 



The antieiit Armenian Verses or Songs 
were not rhymed, as the following for ex- 
ample. 

Xfpllij h crnilntSb ni^lfn l^iutn^hll ^H^l^h^ ♦ 
p5i/t trnh-if,u/h ibnn^Lnn Iriuj^sl^n y 

W^ui [3- If P-"Q nifitlfn ifhnnuu y 
|jt- lusLnifUpiM IfHii iunhrtLgul^nLfitpt 

But now they are rhymed generally and 
are composed from five Syllables to fifteen. 
The following few lines are specimens with 
their own translation in prose. 

of 5 Stjllahles. 

\}^n uAntSi Qftunuu 
Wfinm ftiP DUMphrnyh x 

Jesus, whose name is a love, bind thou 
my heart of stone with thy love. 



of G Sijllables. 

\jqt-iiMi ^uintAi ufuilui^/fu y 
\^nlfliiuL-nn i^lruuiif/is t 

Having been the bride of the immortal 
celestial Bridegroom. 

of 7 Syllables. 

\\npiUfLiun rfni- dnnqh-iu 
jl ^u/Un-huft nuuiuJin[fu x 

Valiantly fight thou in the pubh'c combat. 
of 8 Syllables. 

JJpncriu qnt^uttLiflt nnnJ uJUJinnLhu 

*^ j^c^^^"3 ^ t Jacket" ^ 

Love thou instruction , by which thou 
wilt obtain honor from Heaven, and on 
earth. 

of 9 Syllables. 

'XjHp '{jtijIriuU muMupifliii 4" ^yh 'l-*^urL.iun t 

Thou dove, ever flying through the air, 
the Ark of the new Noah is thy dwelling. 



of iO Stjllables^ 

W^iuon lrn/£.^t u/liuilrtfu ft p.ujp^iuUq , 
^ufhpU n-UjpnL.p-pL.Up^ p.ninn trngul^u/iip t 

To-day the Invisible appears from on 
high; the knowledge of all creatures is dis- 
covered, 

of a Sijllahles. 

^uAiULnp &-ijjn-nj trplLlrqu/u &iun[ili^ , 
diuJpL X 

Flowers of rational Plants appeared of 
various tints, and delicious odour. 

o/* 12 Syllahles. 

^ninnuMi£ fru l^puuiu-niluui nnuil^u funniuU f 
guhintruuil^ujii x 

I am a hemisphere round as a pavilion, 
by nature firm, in reality moveable invisibly. 

o/' 13 Sijllables. 

^^n^Liflt nnnuiJufu ^h-ui ^nuhgnpi qufUAnU. 



1'14 

nl^U ti-iun^uML. X i 

The roar of thunder having dilTused the 
rain of life, is recovered to the heavens, 
returning to his Origin. 

of 14 Syllahles. 

n^truanL^ 

Wp-'Pt^iJ^h^ib^sb^ n-"'-"^pp 'I^tpI^p'^ Wh"'f^h * 

Let us cry aloud in joyful tidings address- 
ing thee personally, Church, daughter 
of lofty Sion. 

of i^ Syllahles. 

aiunujniuctu , 
Wuuini-^nj t 

Thou, who hrooding on the waters didst 
make creation, descending in Ihe waters of 
Ihe Baptismal founl, dost give hirth to Ihe 
Sons of God. 



nq 



